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Lacertus

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Posts posted by Lacertus


  1. But yes, you're right, there is a danger in overemphasizing the extent of women's rights in Celtic culture and religion. Some bad scholarship along those lines helped create some New Age women-centered, goddess spiritualty cults that are based on an overly romanticized idea of Celtic matriarchy.

     

    I'm agreed but I advanced my opinion only and this theme was honey to my soul. :) I know this viewpoint is not holds much favour nevertheless it has right to be. It is impossible to write and look back to bad scholarship.

    It is better then Celtic nationalism for example or something like that.


  2. the Celts never built Stonehenge,it was here long before the Celts migrated into Britain.

    Oh, yes. The monument's construction has been attributed to many ancient peoples throughout the years but the most captivating and enduring attribution has been to the Druids. This erroneous connection was first made around 3 centuries ago by the antiquary, John Aubrey. Julius Caesar and other Roman writers told of a Celtic priesthood who flourished around the time of their first conquest (55 BC). By this time, though, the stones had been standing for 2,000 years, and were, perhaps, already in a ruined condition. Besides, the Druids worshipped in forest temples and had no need for stone structures.

    The best guess seems to be that the Stonehenge was begun by the people of the late Neolithic period (around 3000BC) and carried forward by people from a new economy which was arising at this time. These people used of pottery drinking vessels, began to use metal implements and to live in a more communal fashion than their ancestors. Some think that they may have been immigrants from the continent but that contention is not supported by archaeological evidence. It is likely that they were indigenous people doing the same old things in new ways.


  3. I lived in Egypt eight years off and on. Of course this event was seared into my memory. I going to return to Egypt and take part in an archaeological digs next summer. I treat with one of the Europe University about it and going to interlocution with project director next week. I try to renew my knowledge about ancient Egypt and read many books about it now.


  4. I make bold to add this thread and put a table listing some of the many gods and goddesses of Egyptian mythology. The deities are listed as closely as possible to the order of their appearance in the myths, from oldest to newest.

    Nekhbet vulture goddess of Upper Egypt

    Wadjet cobra goddess of Lower Egypt

    Meskhenet childbirth goddess, represented by a tile

    Taweret hippopotamus goddess, also childbirth goddess and protectoress

    Bet childbirth god and protector of children

    Atum Heliopolis (ancient On) sun god, self-created from the Watery Waste of Nun

    Shu god of air, created by Atum

    Tefnut goddess of moisture, created by Atum, sometimes a lion goddess

    Geb earth god, created by Shu and Tefnut

    Nut sky goddess, also goddess of death and burial, created by Shu and Tefnut

    Osiris fertility god, later king of the dead, child of Geb and Nut

    Isis Mistress of Magic and Speaker of Spells, also goddess of the dead, sister-wife of Osiris, child of Geb and Nut, mother of young Horus and therefore symbolic Mother of the Egyptian King

    Seth rival of young Horus, destroyer of Osiris's body, child of Geb and Nut

    Nephthys one of the goddesses of the dead, sister-wife of Seth and child of Geb and Nut

    Horus the Elder often shown in man's form, or as a hawk, child of Geb and Nut

    young Horus son of Isis

    Hathor powerful sky and cow goddess, fertility figure, consort of young Horus but kept a separate temple, associated with tirual music

    Thoth Hermopolis god, moon god and reckoner of time, depicted in human form with an ibis mask

    Neith national goddess of Lower Egypt, huntress with crossed bow and arrows as her symbol, also goddess of the dead, sometimes supreme creator

    Serkhet a goddess of death and burial

    Re sun god, in the creation myth with Neith as supreme god, wept men and women from his eyes

    Ptah Memphis god, considered primeval being first created to take precendence over Atum

    Sekhmet represents the rays of the sun at midday, consort of Ptah and daughter of Re, the sun god, lion goddess of Middle Egypt

    Aton Aye at el-Armana tomb chapel, also claimed to take precedence over Atum

    Khnum First Cataract deity, ram-headed supreme creator god

    Satet and Anuket represent the Nile in flood, helpers to Khnum

    Nun and Nunet Ogdoad of Khemenu gods (City of Eight), represent the primeval abyss

    Heh and Hauket Ogdoad of Khemenu gods, represent infinity

    Kek and Kauket Ogdoad of Khemenu gods, represent darkness

    Amun and Amunet Ogdoad of Khemenu gods, represent the unknown gods, also male and female principles in the cosmic system, Amun later a chief god

    Mut both lion and warrior goddess, consort of Amun at Thebes, replacing Amunet

    Bastet cat goddess, important in the last 1000 years B, originally a lion goddess

    Meretseger cobra goddess of the peak overlooking the Valley of the Kings, name means "she who loves silence"

    Renenutet snake goddess and protector of the king and the harvest


  5. Most likely the secret of it was lost.

    Greek fire

    There are guess-works only but they have rights to live. :D

    Incendiary weapons were nothing new in warfare in the Mediterranean world. Naphtha, a petroleum distillate, was known in the 4th century BCE. In combat on both land and sea, petroleum, sulphur, bitumen, and resin had been used since early Christian times. But Greek fire was more insidious. It was projected upon enemy forces in the fashion of a flamethrower. Contemporary accounts frequently mention the mixture being discharged from tubes mounted on the prows of Byzantine ships. Like modern napalm, it adhered to whatever it struck, and could not be extinguished with water.


  6. What about the region? African legions would differ undergarment wise in comparison to troops in Pyreenes, just as American troops from Alaska wear noticably different shirts under their BDU Jacket during the winter over troops stationed in Georgia.

    Yes, I think there were differents between African legions and legions from Britain for example. I saw a picture (cannot find it now unfortunately) of Roman legioner in Britain (bas-relief). The legioner was drown in really celtic trousers and fur cape. It is unlikely that similar clothes were needed in Africa. But it was absolute necessity in Britain. I think legions had analogous equipment and colour spectrum as clothers as scutums etc.

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