maryv
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We are happy to announce that Duckworth Publishers is giving away one copy of the upcoming book - Spectacle in the Roman World by Hazel Dodge to one lucky member.
This book offers an introduction to the main forms of spectacle in the Roman world (human and animal combat, chariot racing, aquatic displays), their nature, context and social importance. It will explore the vast array of sources, from literary to archaeological material, that informs the subject. It will examine the spectacles with special emphasis on their physical setting, and will also consider the variation in the provision of venues and their context across the Empire. A final section will review the modern reception of Roman spectacles, especially those involving gladiators.
Hazel Dodge is Senior Lecturer in Classical Archaeology, Trinity College Dublin. She is author (with Peter Connolly) of The Ancient City (1998) and editor (with J.C.N. Coulston) of Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City (2000). All you have to do is to reply to this mail, confirming that you are interested.
The winner will be chosen randomly from all replies, deadline is the 20th of August 2010
All you have to do to enter the draw is to post here
cheers
viggen
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Thank you for the information. I truly appreciate it.
In the Magna Carta of June 15, 1215, the word Socage/Soccage shows up no less than three times.
The Magna Carta, I understand, was written in Latin as were all the by-laws of the day in Great Britain. Therefore, the word soccage is older than the magna carta.
I'm glad to know you find the information useful.
"Circa 1275-1325" means an estimation for the oldest documents where "soccage" is first attested in (Middle) English. Magna Carta, as you rightly point, was first written in Medieval Latin (not English). The three times you find "sokage" in this document is in its clause #37:
Si aliquis teneat de nobis per feodifirmam, vel per sokagium, vel per burgagium, et de alio terram teneat per servicium militare, nos non habebimus custodiam heredis nec terre sue que est de feodo alterius, occasione illius feodifirme, vel sokagii, vel burgagii; nec habebimus custodiam illius feodifirme, vel sokagii, vel burgagii, nisi ipsa feodifirma debeat servicium militare.
"If any one holding of us by fee-farm or by socage or by burgage holds land of some one else by military service, on account of that fee-farm or socage or burgage we are not to have the wardship of the heir or of the land that is another's fee, unless the said [land held by] fee-farm owes military service".
Note the Germanic "k" and not the Latin "c" is used, denouncing its origin. The original word (its stem) was "soke", attested in many Germanic languages, as old as oral tradition goes (Nordic sagas) and an almost direct descent from a Proto-Indo-European root. "Soke" got into Old French presumably via Old English; the French just added the latin suffix "-age".
"Sokage" is what is "soked" (sought) by a "sokeman", just as many other gallicisms like "marriage", "leverage", "assemblage", "carnage", "sabotage", "collage", "coverage" and so on.
Ager was defined as the earth, farmland, field, ground, the countryside. The secondary meaning was the flat plain land as like in a range as opposed to mountainous land.Soccus is indeed a comedian or more importantly the type of shoe the comedian wore. A soccus was a low flat bottom shoe that was worn without ties. A loose fitting slip on slipper. A plough is an implement with a flat-bottom 'shoe'. If one looks at the ancient plough, you will see the resemblance between the 'court jesters' shoes and the shape of the plough.
http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/0124.html
The word soccus used as a metaphor to describe the implement. Every farmer knows the shoes on implements that cultivate the earth.
As found in an ad''For all types of ploughs which use a cast iron gliding shoe for support, we have a very wear resistant alternative. This shoe is made of high quality steel, rubber and ceramic and is cylindrically shaped. It increases the life of the wear package (blades and shoes) enormously''
Did the word soccage originate from the metaphor of the flat-bottom shoe (the plough) and ager meaning farmland with ancient rights and servitudes that belonged to farmland under old Roman legislation? Did the word arise after the Romans settled Great Britain?
Gratiam habeo for such extensive explanation; I would really like to know your main sources, even if they are almost surely wrong.
Again: "Soccage" or "Sokage" is the french derivation from the Germanic (Old English) word "soke" or "sok", directly related to nowadays "seek". Nothing to do with the Romans in the dictionaries that I've checked so far.
After Hastings, England lived in an effective triglossia; Medieval Latin for the elite, a Norman dialect of the Langue d'Oil (Old French) for the nobles, Middle English for the common people.
If one reads the conditions of Free and Common Soccage to receive a land grant from the Crown, it reads like old Roman legislation concerning agricultural laws. Protecting ones property, road access, building a home, drainage rights, water rights, property identification, manure and garbage, etc.I would really appreciate more information on this matter and discussion.
We don't agree on this one; Feudalism (land for military service) is fundamentally a medieval (postclassic) developement.
It only got into the Eastern Roman Empire ("Byzantine" for some) as late as the XI century (Pronoia).
I would really appreciate more information on this matter and discussion too.
It would appear that land granting was part of Roman thought as they conquered lands. Did not the Romans grant land in strategic areas (usually along the rivers) to military people? A condition of the grant was to guard and defend the rivers (their highways) and when called to duty, they must return to their military group? They could settle the area but had duties to the Empire.
As for Roman agricultural legislation, I found the following book intriguing. Agriculture and agricultural practice in Roman law / Robert J. Buck. Publisher Wiesbaden : F. Steiner, 1983.
The similarities between the old Roman laws and the conditions set down by the Crown for land grants under Soccage did not go unnoticed.
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I find this part of history of interest and could use some help with some explanations, please.
The colonies were settled by ancient land grants from the King. The land granting system was under 'Free and Common Soccage'.
''These colonies were planted and settled by the grants, and under the protection, of English kings, who entered into covenants with us, for themselves, their heirs, and successors; and it is from these covenants that the duty of protection on their part, and the duty of allegiance on ours, arise''. [Alexander Hamilton Feb. 5, 1775]
In 1660, the Crown gave up some rights to wardship in exchange for excise tax, a condition buried in Soccage. I have heard that part of the Revolution was based on the Crown's right to the hated Excise Tax, a tax the American colonists had no say in but were obliged to pay as it was a condition of the land grants.
The question I have is actually about the terminology around 'Free and Common Soccage' Blackstone said the Free meant the liberty of the property. I am having a hard time finding what Soccage really meant and where the word originated from.
As you mention, the Founding Fathers respected the Roman Consititution. Under ancient Roman Agriculture legislation, the word Soccus meant 'plough'. The word Ager meant acres, fields, countryside, farmland. Ager has rights duties and obligations such as allowing the passage of people (a road) and through the property.
Did the word Soccage originate from the two latin words soccus and ager? If so, where can one find definiative proof? Could someone please explain the word Soccage? What did that word really mean?
thank you
Salve, Maryv.
That pseudo-etymology seems to have been a popular misconception some time ago.
Soccage was British feudalism in its purest form; land for military service.
From the Medieval English Law, "a tenure of land held by the tenant in performance of specified services or by payment of rent, and not requiring military service".
It is contrasted with other forms of tenure including serjeanty (the farmer paid no rent but had to perform some personal/official service on behalf of his lord, including in times of war) and frankalmoin (some form of religious service).
The statute of Quia Emptores (1290) established that socage tenure passed automatically from one generation to the next. As feudalism declined socage tenure increased until it became the normal form of tenure in England. In 1660, the Statute of Tenures ended the remaining forms of military service and all free tenures were converted into socage.
'Free and Common Soccage' was offered to British subjects in exchange for coming to the Colonies ; consequently, it was one of the main American Colonists quarrels against George III government for reserving those lands west from the Appalachian Mountains "to the Indians".
The word socage (socagge is its archaic form) came from Middle English sokage (circa 1275
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As one of many Americans celebrating Independence Day, I am reminded of the great influence Ancient history had on the formation of our Republic.
Salve, G aka G. Happy 4th July 2U2!
From The Founding Fathers & the Classics.
by Dr. Joe Wolverton II
Ancient history provided the Founders with examples of behavior and circumstances that they could apply to their own circumstances. Their heroes were Roman and Greek republicans and defenders of liberty. All of the Founders
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As one of many Americans celebrating Independence Day, I am reminded of the great influence Ancient history had on the formation of our Republic.
Salve, G aka G. Happy 4th July 2U2!
From The Founding Fathers & the Classics.
by Dr. Joe Wolverton II
Ancient history provided the Founders with examples of behavior and circumstances that they could apply to their own circumstances. Their heroes were Roman and Greek republicans and defenders of liberty. All of the Founders
-
As one of many Americans celebrating Independence Day, I am reminded of the great influence Ancient history had on the formation of our Republic.
Salve, G aka G. Happy 4th July 2U2!
From The Founding Fathers & the Classics.
by Dr. Joe Wolverton II
Ancient history provided the Founders with examples of behavior and circumstances that they could apply to their own circumstances. Their heroes were Roman and Greek republicans and defenders of liberty. All of the Founders
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maryv, you are the daughter of a military tribune, Reginius Iustinus, who served at Camboglanna in Britannia and left for posterity an altar there which he had erected to Neptune, the god who is your family's special protector.
You bear your father's nomen gentilicium, as your name of "Reginia" -- along with a special cognomen your father gave you, "Vera" (meaning "true"). You are further distinguished by the addition of "Minor" to your name, as you are the younger of your father's two daughters. Your full Roman name is:
Reginia Vera Minor
= nnmgeee rjvrraoay -ejy +iii
Welcome to UNRV!
-- Nephele
thank you. i see there are a couple of coincidences with the choosing of the name. my god-mother and other female members of the family on my maternal side have the name, reginia. i am also the second daughter.
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hello...new here and finding this site absolutely fascinating already!
as my ancestry is believed to be roman, i would love to hear what name you can find in the scrambled letters.
first, middle and last birth name. female.
nnmgeee rjvrraoay.
Spectacle in the Roman World
in Trajan's Market
Posted
I would love another history book for mine collection. Add my name