Ancients, the Egyptians and Sumerians, for example, knew about the cyclic nature of weather, and they planned for it, the general rule was to store seven yr's worth of grain for the inevitable dry yrs. When a society is accustomed to a certain level of ag yield each year, it's population grows to match that food supply (it reaches its carrying capacity)...If that yield suddenly falls &/or it remains lower for an extended stretch, the population will fall to match the new carrying capacity.....That population collapse can get ugly.
Remember the bjg, round Aztec calendar that predicted the End of the World in 2012?....There was a cartoon that pictured that calender sitting before the king on his throne and a guy with a hammer & chisel behind the stone saying "It only goes up to 2012 because I ran out of stone."