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Maciamo

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  1. I was wondering how ancient Romans would have addressed people depending on their social status or their rank in the legion. I know that 'Domine' (vocative form of dominus) can mean master (of a slave), lord or sir. But is there any other word that would convey the nuance between the various English appellations? How would a noble patrician be called by say an plebeian eques? How would legionaries call their officers? Would it be domine equally for a centurion, a tribune, a legate or the army's general? Or would they call them by their title only?
  2. I am currently reading Simon Turney's Marius' Mules, book VIII, which is set during the 8th year of the Gallic Wars in 51 BCE. One of the main battles that year involved the rebellion of Commius of the Atrebates and Correos of the Bellovaci. Caesar first brought four legions to crush the rebellion, but after seeing the huge number of Gallic warriors (around 45,000), he called for three more legions in reinforcement. It was a huge battle, nearly equivalent to Alesia but against the western Belgae and other tribes from Normandy. Yet the battle's name does not appear anywhere. I googled it in English and in French, searched articles on Wikipedia, but nowhere does it appear. On one French website I found that the first encounter, where the Gauls took position on a hill surrounded by marshes took place near Compiègne. The Gauls' camp was at mont Saint-Marc, while Caesar's camp opposite the Aisne river was at mont Saint-Pierre. The Belgae, seeing that Caesar got three more legions, fled. Pursued by the Romans, they established a new camp at Mount Ganelon. The Belgae were eventually defeated in the plain of Choisy-au-Bac. If you look at the map, everything took place on the eastern outskirt of Compiègne. The city didn't exist back then, so that's probably why historians didn't call it the Battle of Compiègne. They could have called it the Second Battle of the Axona (Aisne), the first one having taken place in 57 BCE. Does anyone know if this battle has an official name, and if not, why not?
  3. I was wondering which variety of flowers the ancient Romans used to decorate their temples? I have been to India and saw that they put marigolds everywhere around temples, often in offering bowls or floating on water. Interestingly the scientific name of marigold is tagetes, which owe its name to Tages, an Etruscan god adopted by the Romans and later said to be one of Jupiter's grandsons. Does that mean that marigold could have also played a role in Roman religion? What about other flowers?
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