Joe Geranio

The arches are near the NE slope of the Palatine, the arches are way further out than expected, they were some sort of covered buttress system?

I recently watched a video on excavations on he NE slope of the Palatine and they found The arch structures you see in the backround were a vestibule portico that led to the Domus Aurea. I had no idea it went this far towards the NE slope of the Palatine!! This is wonderful news to me as I follow everything Julio Claudian. I will also attach a link to a video by AIRC president Darius Arya. The size and scope of Nero's Golden Hous never ceases to amaze me, but the video will speak for itself. Joe Geranio JCIA

Augustus. 27 BC-AD 14. Iron dies for

I believe Caligula was the first living Princeps to appear radiate, before Nero? One final aspect of the seated figure of Caligula on the consensv dupondius is worth examining. Could Caligula have been the first living princeps to ever appear radiate on Roman coinage? B.E. Levy. in her article entitled "Caligula's Radiate Crown," finds traces of a radiate crown on two pieces: One in the Princeton University Library; the other in a private collection. Some scholars believe this theory strengthens the argument that the seated figure is Augustus and not Caligula. H.M. Von Kaenal advanced this interpretation of the dupondii this way: His first argument is that on some of the reverses you could identify Caligula's features; secondly, that the reverse legend is suited to certain events of his accession. As Dio tells us, the event was altered by an eruption into the senate-house of equites et populus,40 and in Von Kaenal's view it is to this, and not the award of an honorific statue, that the legend CONSENSV SENAT ET EQ ORDIN P Q R must refer.41 H. Kuthmann brings even stronger evidence of the reverse type not being Augustus when he suggests that on pre-Flavian coins the curule chair is the seat of the living princeps, while that of DIVUS Augustus is a throne.42 This is strong evidence that the seated figure is that of Caligula. (Interestingly, Kuthmann identifies the seated figure as Claudius.) Levy brings further evidence to light when she suggests that the bronze provincial issues of at least three or four mints show Caligula with radiate attribution (one from Alexandria, but this issue may represent Helios.)43 Another issue from the province of Asia shows a spikey Hellenistic crown.44 Even stronger evidence that the radiate crown did exist can be seen on consensv dupondii , where the die engraver shortened the vertical bar on the T in ET to accommodate the crown, while the entire letter T is slightly raised in the second Princeton piece. Levy mentions that the radiate crown is neglected in descriptions which follow illustrations in catalogues. In specifically looking for the radiate crown on the consensv dupondii, there are at least three issues that have been found via the art trade.45 It has been suggested that the radiate crown is occasionally used on Roman coinage to distinguish a newly elevated Emperor. Thus, the Roman radiate crown was not a true piece of insignia: Its meaning was flexible and its use optional? Library Catalog Entry Main Author: Geranio, Joe. Title: Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. Host Publication: In: The Celator Vol. 21, no. 9 (Sep 2007), p. 6-26 : ill.

http://www.forumancientcoins.com/numiswiki/view.asp?key=What%20Did%20The%20Julio%20Claudians%20Really%20Look%20Like%20%20Reconstructions-%20Joe%20Geranio

https://events.umn.edu/prod/groups/public/@pub/@cla/@hist/documents/eventfile/018639.pdf

http://joegeranio1.wordpress.com/2007/03/25/portraits-of-caligula-the-seated-figure-joe-geranio/ Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the reverse figure on the consensv dupondii (See coin portrait on this page of seated figure of dupondius) , struck during the reign of the Emperor Caligula. There has been much controversy over this reverse type, which, along with portraits in the round of Caligula, will be examined in some depth. Through numismatic, literary and epigraphical evidence I will study the seated figure, which has been traditionally accepted as Augustus, and not Caligula.+ Backround Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus was born in A.D. 12. His birthplace was most probably Antium (modern day Anzio).1 He won his nickname Caligula or

What groups are those? Joe

Yes that is the photo. Flickr gives problems sometimes? Is there a way to upload photos on UNRV? Browse and then upload?

http://flickr.com/photo_zoom.gne?id=501810270&size=l See link above and notice the physiognomy of the Princeps Gaius Caligula. Joe Geranio portraitsofcaligula.com

http://flickr.com/photos/74745547@N00/211699588/ Check the almost frontal view and note the different distinct pincer style of Caligula vs. Octavian/Augustus

Are you sure this portrait has not been published before? It looks like the very first portrait of Caligula I saw. In fact, I saw it first in the Volume of Plates to the Cambridge Ancient History Vols IX and X. This used to be known as the 'Copenhagen' head because it was found in Asia Minor and is to be seen in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. No this is not the NY Glyptotek Copenhagen type. The Getty head is from Asia minor. You may have it confused with that head. All great portraits seem to come from Asia Minor, and as I mentioned this portrait resides at The Museo Archeologico dei Campi Flegrei in Baia. Are you sure this portrait has not been published before? It looks like the very first portrait of Caligula I saw. In fact, I saw it first in the Volume of Plates to the Cambridge Ancient History Vols IX and X. This used to be known as the 'Copenhagen' head because it was found in Asia Minor and is to be seen in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. No this is not the NY Glyptotek Copenhagen type. The Getty head is from Asia minor. You may have it confused with that head. All great portraits seem to come from Asia Minor, and as I mentioned this portrait resides at The Museo Archeologico dei Campi Flegrei in Baia. I have also sent the photo to a few art historians and they have never seen the head? It is not in the exhaustive work by D. Boschung of all extant portraits of Caligula in the round called, "Die Bildnisse des Caligula"?

Go to http://www.flickr.com/photo_zoom.gne?id=8458991&size=l For photo. D. Boschung an Art Historian from Germany put a work together called, "Die Bildnisse des Caligula", which had all extant portraits of Caligula. I am very inerested in this photo because it has the physiognomy of Caligula and agrees numismatically. This portrait was not in Boschungs' work, so; it has really sparked my interest. A great find!! The portrait resides at The Museo Archeologico dei Campi Flegrei in Baia. Photo courtesy Mr. Jennings. Joe Geranio

http://www.christies.com/promos/jun06/1679...lery.asp?page=4 Roman Bronze Imago Clipeata of Emperor Claudius Please take a look at this rare glimpse of a Julio Claudian Princeps in bronze (other than coinage). Claudius is seen showing the office of Pontifex Maximus, note radiate imagery as well as being flanked by simpuvium (dipper) and lituus (wand). I normally would not send out general emails but this is a rare piece indeed! The Julio Claudian Iconographic Association has hundreds of photos of Julio Claudian coins and sculpture. If you love Julio Claudian art and coinage, join today!! at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/ Any group may post at JCIA Joe Geranio Julio Claudian Iconographic Association

A Portrait of Caligula? Recut to Tiberius? (MFA Head in Boston) Joe Geranio For photos go to bottom of page at: http://portraitsofcaligula.com/3/miscellaneous12.htm This Julio-Claudian portrait located at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts is identified as possibly Drusus Germanicus? The provenance of this wonderful piece of Julio-Claudian art was said to have been found at Marmaris [ancient Physkos] on the southern coast of Caria. Purchased by the Museum of Fine Arts from Robert E. Hecht, Jr. in November of 1971. The height of the head is 37.5 cm (14 3/4 in.) and made of marble possibly from the greek island of Paros. The head is in excellent condition, with an irregular but attractive yellow patina. From the Roman Imperial Julio-Claudian period, about A.D. 30, reworked about A.D. 33. To my knowledge this head has never been published as a possible portrait of Caligula; and in D. Boschung's work "Die Bildnisse des Caligula", was not mentioned 1. I want to list how the MFA has listed the Portrait head: Bust of a Julio-Claudian man. The original subject of this bust was probably the imperial prince Drusus Germanicus, brother of the Emperor Caligula. Portraits of Drusus Germanicus show him with a hairstyle that has locks curving out from a central fork with a small 'pincer' lock on the right corner of the hairline and none on the left. Originally, this hairstyle was present here; however, the hair above the forehead has been chiseled away by someone using both a pointed and a toothed chisel. The new face bears some resemblance to the Emperor Claudius in its oval shape and also the Emperor Caligula in terms of its unusual characteristic of having the hair combed back instead of forward and down from the crown of the head. A number of Roman portraits were recarved in antiquity, particularly of individuals who had fallen out of imperial favor. The neck, which has been broken across the front, was worked for insertion in a draped (or draped and cuirassed) statue or bust. The ears are chipped, and the crown of the head has been damaged slightly.2 Julio-Claudian Portraiture (Sons of Germanicus) Nero & Drusus Caesar. Died AD 31 and 33, respectively.

Tiberius portrait on Caligula AR? Joe Geranio -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- for photos go to: http://portraitsofcaligula.com/3/miscellaneous11.htm Tiberius on Caligulan DIVIS AUGVSTVS denarius? Context from CNG GAIUS (CALIGULA), with DIVUS AUGUSTUS. 37-41 AD. AR Denarius (3.76 gm). Lugdunum (Lyon) mint. Struck 37-38 AD. C CAESAR AVG GERM P M TR POT COS, bare head of Gaius (Caligula) right / Radiate head of Divus Augustus with Tiberius-like portrait right, six-rayed star on either side. RIC I 2; BMCRE 4; BN 3; RSC 11. CNGCOINS.COM The accession of Gaius (Caligula) to the imperial throne on the death of his great-uncle Tiberius signalled a kind of "golden age" in that for the first time, not only did a direct biological descendant of Augustus become emperor, but one who could also claim a direct link with several important Republican figures. Through his mother, Agrippina Sr., Gaius was descended from Augustus, and also Agrippa, the victor of Actium. Gaius' father Germanaicus was the son of Nero Claudius Drusus and nephew of Tiberius, sons of Augustus' widow, Livia. Through his mother Antonia, Germanicus was the grandson of Mark Antony and Octavia, the sister of Augustus. Accordingly, many of his coins recall his dynastic connections to both the Julians and the Claudians as well as his own family, and included in their designs his mother and his three sisters Like his great-grandfather Augustus did with Divus Julius Caesar, Gaius had coins struck which included Divus Augustus. While later emissions of this type (see lot 851 below) leave no doubt, since the legend DIVVS AVG PATER PATRIAE is included, this earlier denarius, struck in the opening months of the new reign is more ambiguous: it is anepigraphic; the inclusion of stars argue for recent divinity (Augustus had been deified 23 years earlier), and the features on some of these coins appear like portraits of Tiberius. Combined with the historical evidence that Gaius had personally given Tiberius' funeral oration and had asked the Senate to approach the idea of deification for Tiberius, this argues that this coin was struck during the initial days when Gaius was testing the idea. The Senate, however, refused to pursue the matter further, and the portrait was altered to resemble Augustus more closely. Context from CNGCOINS Joe Geranio portraitsofcaligula.com __________________ Multa cum Amicitia

Pre- Principate Portraits of Caligula in the Round?: The Walters, La Spezia and Dresden Heads By Joe B. Geranio- for photos: http://www.portraitsofcaligula.com/3/custom_form.htm The portraiture of the Julio-Claudians is not an easy subject to examine. The essential goals of any such modern iconographic portrait study are, first, to assemble all known portraits of a given personage; second, to determine the appearance and style of each of the presumed lost prototypes on which all of the known surviving replicas are based; third, to attempt to date the creation of the lost prototype and surviving replicas and other portrait versions; and fourth to try to determine the reason(s) for the creation of each type.1 The main work to date that has been carried out is Boschung

I know one thing being a Julio-Claudian coin collector from Aug-Nero only. They gave us some of the most beautiful Roman Imperial coinage ever! (go to portraitsofcaligula.com under coinage or numismatics tab) The architecure on the Sestertii of Caligula of the DIVO AUG which shows Caligula for example sacrificing before the temple is a true work of art. The gold and silver coinage is also heavier than in later imperial coinage. The Port of Ostia from Nero's reign and other propaganda was used to helped assure that the Julio-Claudian Princeps would be favored by the Populus. You must see them to believe the great coins from the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Joe Geranio The Portraiture of Caligula portraitsofcaligula.com

I think Nero was the first one to build such an extreme project (Golden House) for himself. I saw a great show on Rome today and they went through the propaganda that was probably part of Nero's downfall. Augustus had built a Forum and Temple for the people, Vespasian the Flavian Ampitheatre (Coliseum), Caracalla the Great Baths, Trajans forum and basically propaganda column with his victories over Dacia. But, Nero builds this huge pleasure palace with lakes, acres of grass land etc. I knew this but the word "grotesque" comes from the frescoes of the Golden House. You make some interesting points and I think it deserves further thought. I actually snuck into the Golden House when I was in Rome, it was closed! I went in and it was pretty awesome! It was me and about 100 cats which are all over Rome. I know they have some great computerized images of how they thought it looked. Joe Geranio

After seeing some radiate portraits of Caligula and the possible radiate head of the consensv dupondius(from Rome). I believe Caligula was the first living Princeps to be shown Radiate? (not Nero) Go to: http://portraitsofcaligula.com/3/miscellaneous10.htm I show 2 provincial isssues and the much debated Consensv Dupondius. Your thoughts. B. E. Levy advanced this interpretation on some of the coins and others I have researched and found other specicems. Your thoughts on this? Joe Geranio

Portraits von Caligula: Die Sitzabbildung? Joe B. Geranio For our German Friends: Go to portraitsofcaligula.com for fll artcie- The Portraits Tab Einleitung: Der Zweck dieser Studie ist, die R

AUGUSTAN HEAD FOUND AT NEW VILLA Rome, May 10 - A marble head of the Emperor Augustus has been found at a large and well-appointed Roman villa just discovered outside the capital. The head, practically a bas-relief, shows the emperor in profile in his middle years. It will shortly be taken to the newly refurbished Roman Antiquities Museum at Palazzo Massimo near Termini Station to be shown to the public. Also travelling from the dig site - north of Rome, not far from Hadrian's great villa - will be some 100 gold and silver coins. The head was found at the bottom of a well at the villa, a large (2,500 square-metre) property built between the second century BC and the first century AD. "We don't know who the villa belonged to," said dig leader Stefano Musco. "This is an area dotted with villas, because of its proximity to the administrative and cultural hub that was Hadrian's court". The villa also boasts "particularly fine" mosaic floors with characteristic geometrical designs, Musco said. Other finds were thermal baths, a warehouse and two entrance halls or atria. Augustus (63 BC-14 AD), the adopted son of Jiulus Caesar, was Rom

Great observations and I always have a problem with Ancient literary sources portrayal of Caligula? The hair low on the nape is a Germanicus, Nero Iulius, Drusus Iulius trait, but the configuration of locks from a frontal view (Unfortunately we do not have this till later in history for Roman coins) if you had a chance to look at the Copenhagen head frontal is pure Caligula, by the way the German Scholars are obssesed with Lockenthmethode or hairstyle before physiogonomy. This thought on the right profile is not earth shattering, but I believe die-engravers at some point had a rt. and left profile of a portrait in the round that was imperial commissioned and then copied, of course the portraits that are the nicest in my opinion come from Asia Minor (See the Getty Head of Caligula) I just hate to see the precious metals of Caligula have little iconographical value, when they really tried to follow the pincers and locks from extant portraits of Caligula. Now for the left profile we have to visit the bronzes, sestertii, aes, etc.......My research now wants to find if I can find a portrait in the round that agrees with coinage from a right and left profile!! I am a little obsessed with this, but I guess someone has to and the Julio-Claudians is a difficult field that I keep striving in. Multa Cum Amicitia, Joe Geranio The Portraiture of Caligula portraitsofcaligula.com