sylla

No, you mean post-historic analysis . Not a single piece of evidence has been shown yet . But well, it's just evidence. Who cares?

Our available evidence clearly shows that the Saxon Shore, the Hadrian's Wall and the whole British defensive system never ever "failed". Britannia was just abandoned undefeated by Honorius, so he would be able to deal with other menaces; simple as that. But that's just evidence; who cares?

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

As usual, your description is exact, Jason; a nice article and a beautiful image

I meant available evidence.

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Don't worry; rest assured that if there is any misery here, it's not mine There's no shame in admitting ignorance; no one of us is expected to know everything and there's no need to fabricate "several notable academics" when you weren't even aware of Prof. Curry's research to begin with (it seems you haven't even read her book yet! ). And of course, you can always try to begin expressing yourself literally in your own remarks... after all, that is the main goal of English and any other language. Trust me, that doesn't hurt .

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Easily available evidence overwhelmingly shows that gladiatorial games were immensely popular all across their long history.

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

I'm afraid I'm a bit confused . I seem to remember that in previous posts (eg, those regarding the Codex Sinaiticus) you explained me the great archaeological value of virtually any ancient document, Now, Ms. Curry and her team reportedly presented "fifty-odd pages of fiscal and administrative accounts relating to the battle, such as service indentures, pay accounts, letters written during the campaign, and the relatively recently-discovered French battle plan drawn up a week or two prior to the engagement". I understand that at least some of such material was literally "removed from the ground". Under your archaeological experience, can that research be dismissed as 'purely' historical?

Thanks. That is the kind of evidence I was looking for. All that said, my guess is that the definitive proof of the integration of any system is how it worked, especially under critical conditions. Under Count Theodosius, the system was perfectly able to bring the new units from the Continent in time and to bring a massive number of invaders all the way back from Londinium to the Caledonian border in a matter of weeks. That seems pretty integrated and functional to me, irrespectively of the time required for reaching such level of integration between land and naval units. Of course, that doesn't imply that the system described by the Notitia Dignitatum was wholely planned in advance, if that is what you mean by "integrated".

Have you read the Book? From the review of this book by Clifford J Rogers (U.S. Military Academy at West Point): "... Curry has assembled, in translation, no fewer than twenty-six chroniclers

This is a very good point Sylla. However the relative precision of Waldseemullers North and South American west coasts should not have been known at the time. The map, when smoothed to account for perspective, is ridiculously close to correct. I just found one reference that says the map predicts the width of South America at certain latitudes to within 70 miles. 70 miles?!? Your source is clearly utterly exaggerating; their statements don't resist simple inspection. Please take a second look of the "Pacific Coast" of South America in that map; it's just an irregular hyperbolic curve from the two continuously explored points by then (more or less from modern Rio de Janeiro to Nicaragua). A "strait" was imagined instead of the actual isthmus of Central America... unsurprisingly, at the only unexplored sector of the Caribbean coast. Besides, less than one third of the actual area of South America was drawn; the width is patently wrong! The drawing of South America stops circa latitude 25

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Not that anyone asked, but I think these stories and myths around lost maps and previously undiscovered lands is fascinating and as technology improves, we'll find many modern historical facts exposed as mere myths. There's one reference in here to the previously undiscovered American west coast, but it's a good overview of this famous map. The map that changed the world The map represented a remarkable number of historical firsts. In addition to giving America its name, it was also the first map to portray the New World as a separate continent - even though Columbus, Vespucci, and other early explorers would all insist until their dying day that they had reached the far-eastern limits of Asia. The map was the first to suggest the existence of what explorer Ferdinand Magellan would later call the Pacific Ocean, a mysterious decision, in that Europeans, according to the standard history of New World discovery, aren't supposed to have learned about the Pacific until several years later. Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

And I suppose you will be kind enough for sharing all your references with us, so we may be able to reach the same conclusions. After all, as virtually no "maybes" and "ifs" were present in your long explanation, this should be something more than just mere personal unfounded speculation ... You know, any argument ("speculation" if you like) is as valid as the evidence it is based on.

Especially because children were rather well represented within the massive chattel slavery of the time. All that said, it would be interesting to know which kind of laboral activities did Locke observe being done by 3 year-old children.

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana