sylla

Strictly speaking the "Saxon shore" is the direct literal translation of litoris Saxonici from the Notitia dignitatum 2:28. As it is currently available, only nine positions (and garrisons) are explicitly named (the latin names in the list posted above by Mel). PS: and of course, by 491 the King AElle or Aella definitively didn't find any active foederati in Britain, and there was no Rome to be loyal to (unless we were talking about Constantinople).

Sub idem fere tempus et ab Attalo rege et Rhodiis legati uenerunt nuntiantes Asiae quoque ciuitates sollicitari. his legationibus responsum est curae eam rem senatui fore; consultatio de Macedonico bello integra ad consules, qui tunc in prouinciis erant, reiecta est. interim ad Ptolomaeum Aegypti regem legati tres missi, C. Claudius Nero M. Aemilius Lepidus P. Sempronius Tuditanus, ut nuntiarent uictum Hannibalem Poenosque et gratias agerent regi quod in rebus dubiis, cum finitimi etiam socii Romanos desererent, in fide mansisset, et peterent ut, si coacti iniuriis bellum aduersus Philippum suscepissent, pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conseruaret. Eodem fere tempore P. Aelius consul in Gallia, cum audisset a Boiis ante suum aduentum incursiones in agros sociorum factas, duabus legionibus subitariis tumultus eius causa scriptis additisque ad eas quattuor cohortibus de exercitu suo, C. Ampium praefectum socium hac tumultuaria manu per Umbriam qua tribum Sapiniam uocant agrum Boiorum inuadere iussit; ipse eodem aperto itinere per montes duxit. Ampius ingressus hostium fines primo populationes satis prospere ac tuto fecit. delecto deinde ad castrum Mutilum satis idoneo loco ad demetenda frumenta

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana

Good point, but when was Exodus written? Was it beyond the scruples of the author to move a natural disaster from the previous millenium forward 400 years to embellish a story when writing about it many centuries after? Offending post deleted

The New Testament mentions Rome and romans many times. In fact, the New Testament is a collection of books from Romans (at least one author was a Roman citizen) for Romans about a Roman peregrinus.

Sub idem fere tempus et ab Attalo rege et Rhodiis legati uenerunt nuntiantes Asiae quoque ciuitates sollicitari. his legationibus responsum est curae eam rem senatui fore; consultatio de Macedonico bello integra ad consules, qui tunc in prouinciis erant, reiecta est. interim ad Ptolomaeum Aegypti regem legati tres missi, C. Claudius Nero M. Aemilius Lepidus P. Sempronius Tuditanus, ut nuntiarent uictum Hannibalem Poenosque et gratias agerent regi quod in rebus dubiis, cum finitimi etiam socii Romanos desererent, in fide mansisset, et peterent ut, si coacti iniuriis bellum aduersus Philippum suscepissent, pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conseruaret. Eodem fere tempore P. Aelius consul in Gallia, cum audisset a Boiis ante suum aduentum incursiones in agros sociorum factas, duabus legionibus subitariis tumultus eius causa scriptis additisque ad eas quattuor cohortibus de exercitu suo, C. Ampium praefectum socium hac tumultuaria manu per Umbriam qua tribum Sapiniam uocant agrum Boiorum inuadere iussit; ipse eodem aperto itinere per montes duxit. Ampius ingressus hostium fines primo populationes satis prospere ac tuto fecit. delecto deinde ad castrum Mutilum satis idoneo loco ad demetenda frumenta

Serviez was not particularly careful with either his source or the details; as usual, reality surpassed legends. This was the famous discovery that took place in April 16, 1485, near the sixth milestone of the Via Appia. The girl was never identified, in spite of countless faked inscriptions; she was certainly much younger than Tullia (Cicero

Sub idem fere tempus et ab Attalo rege et Rhodiis legati uenerunt nuntiantes Asiae quoque ciuitates sollicitari. his legationibus responsum est curae eam rem senatui fore; consultatio de Macedonico bello integra ad consules, qui tunc in prouinciis erant, reiecta est. interim ad Ptolomaeum Aegypti regem legati tres missi, C. Claudius Nero M. Aemilius Lepidus P. Sempronius Tuditanus, ut nuntiarent uictum Hannibalem Poenosque et gratias agerent regi quod in rebus dubiis, cum finitimi etiam socii Romanos desererent, in fide mansisset, et peterent ut, si coacti iniuriis bellum aduersus Philippum suscepissent, pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conseruaret. Eodem fere tempore P. Aelius consul in Gallia, cum audisset a Boiis ante suum aduentum incursiones in agros sociorum factas, duabus legionibus subitariis tumultus eius causa scriptis additisque ad eas quattuor cohortibus de exercitu suo, C. Ampium praefectum socium hac tumultuaria manu per Umbriam qua tribum Sapiniam uocant agrum Boiorum inuadere iussit; ipse eodem aperto itinere per montes duxit. Ampius ingressus hostium fines primo populationes satis prospere ac tuto fecit. delecto deinde ad castrum Mutilum satis idoneo loco ad demetenda frumenta

Regarding such political interlude, I guess your professor was actually referring to Caius (aka Caligula), not Nero. Nero has always been a popular topic; I'm sure there should be some positive traditions buried here at UNRV; just try the search function.

Sub idem fere tempus et ab Attalo rege et Rhodiis legati uenerunt nuntiantes Asiae quoque ciuitates sollicitari. his legationibus responsum est curae eam rem senatui fore; consultatio de Macedonico bello integra ad consules, qui tunc in prouinciis erant, reiecta est. interim ad Ptolomaeum Aegypti regem legati tres missi, C. Claudius Nero M. Aemilius Lepidus P. Sempronius Tuditanus, ut nuntiarent uictum Hannibalem Poenosque et gratias agerent regi quod in rebus dubiis, cum finitimi etiam socii Romanos desererent, in fide mansisset, et peterent ut, si coacti iniuriis bellum aduersus Philippum suscepissent, pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conseruaret. Eodem fere tempore P. Aelius consul in Gallia, cum audisset a Boiis ante suum aduentum incursiones in agros sociorum factas, duabus legionibus subitariis tumultus eius causa scriptis additisque ad eas quattuor cohortibus de exercitu suo, C. Ampium praefectum socium hac tumultuaria manu per Umbriam qua tribum Sapiniam uocant agrum Boiorum inuadere iussit; ipse eodem aperto itinere per montes duxit. Ampius ingressus hostium fines primo populationes satis prospere ac tuto fecit. delecto deinde ad castrum Mutilum satis idoneo loco ad demetenda frumenta

Amazing as it may seem, sexual abuse was definitively present.In any version of this legend that I'm aware of, the women were abducted (kidnapped) by force (assault) for the explicit purpose of founding families, so sexual intercourse under coercion (rape) must be inferred ; as these were not isolated cases but the organized systematic coercion of a whole group, sexual slavery was also present; all the previous were continuous crimes across an undetermined period; multiple aggravating circumstances were likely present, depending for example on the specific techniques used by the Romans to "persuade" the women (torture might have been a consideration); and we have still to consider the virtually unavoidable presence of property damage, lesions and even homicide among the victims and their relatives & proxies. All that said, I'm perfectly aware that in all likelihood this was just a legend; and as legend goes, not particularly gruesome, especially considering that good ol'king Romulus had recently committed fratricide.

Arguably, it tells us that by nature most humans prefer sensationalistic gossipy over regular historical narratives or boring studies, naturally including yours truly.BTW, toptenz.net nicely illustrates such point. Arguably, you may have not met too many victims of sexual abuse yet. In all likelihood the title is currently explicit enough; if you are "for" any action, it's quite unlikely that you would call it an "atrocity" to begin with. In any case, the complementary alternative title ("The Top Ten Best Roman Atrocities") sounds like kind of weird ...

Thanks, Medusa. This is the relevant quotation spotted by Ms Welch (more specifically Dio 43,22,3) "He (Caesar) built a kind of hunting-theatre ( θέατρόν τι κυνηγετικὸν ) of wood, which was called an amphitheatre ( ἀμφιθέατρον ) from the fact that it had seats all around without any stage ..." Then, it seems that Dio (or his epitomizers) used here this term ("hunting-theatre") simply as a technical description to help his Greek readers understand what a Roman amphitheatre effectively was. I'm aware of no evidence that this term was ever actually used in the daily life to describe these buildings, not even by the Greeks. Absolutely; the inclusion of determiners to translations from Latin to English and other languages depends essentially on the context. These verses form Martial were praising the incumbent Emperor for the contemporary construction of this building; it was literally the Amphitheatre of this Caesar (ie, Titus), and if any other amphitheatre would have even been built by any other Emperor in Rome, in all likelihood the buildings would have been distinguished by simple possesive phrases; after all, that was the case for the Roman public baths, like the Baths of Titus (Thermae Titi), and that was the case of Suetonius too regarding his retrospective historical quotation on the ancient Amphitheatre "of Taurus". In general terms, utterly pragmatic as they always were, it seems the Romans baptized things only when and wherever it was absolutely necessary for them; as Klingan rightly pointed out at the beginning of this thread, virtually no name was ever required for which was always essentially the only building of its category within the city of Rome (deliberately ignoring the relatively tiny Amphitheatrum castrense). Needless to say, I have not found any evidence yet on the purported use of the term Amphitheatrum Flavium by the Classical Romans.

Those verses actually referred to the inauguration of the Colosseum; the alluded Caesar was Titus. Typically, that denomination was not a formal proper name, but just an unspecific poetic possessive phrase using a regular genitive declension (-reum); ie. the

The last statement seems to have been true also for the defensive complex of the Caledonian border; one is tempted to conclude that construction labor was rather cheap and/or that inactive soldiers and peasants might have posed a more significant threat than external enemies.

Sub idem fere tempus et ab Attalo rege et Rhodiis legati uenerunt nuntiantes Asiae quoque ciuitates sollicitari. his legationibus responsum est curae eam rem senatui fore; consultatio de Macedonico bello integra ad consules, qui tunc in prouinciis erant, reiecta est. interim ad Ptolomaeum Aegypti regem legati tres missi, C. Claudius Nero M. Aemilius Lepidus P. Sempronius Tuditanus, ut nuntiarent uictum Hannibalem Poenosque et gratias agerent regi quod in rebus dubiis, cum finitimi etiam socii Romanos desererent, in fide mansisset, et peterent ut, si coacti iniuriis bellum aduersus Philippum suscepissent, pristinum animum erga populum Romanum conseruaret. Eodem fere tempore P. Aelius consul in Gallia, cum audisset a Boiis ante suum aduentum incursiones in agros sociorum factas, duabus legionibus subitariis tumultus eius causa scriptis additisque ad eas quattuor cohortibus de exercitu suo, C. Ampium praefectum socium hac tumultuaria manu per Umbriam qua tribum Sapiniam uocant agrum Boiorum inuadere iussit; ipse eodem aperto itinere per montes duxit. Ampius ingressus hostium fines primo populationes satis prospere ac tuto fecit. delecto deinde ad castrum Mutilum satis idoneo loco ad demetenda frumenta

I'm not sure it is so wonderful; it seems all that is required for the patrolling vessels to do their job is the Somali pirates knocking at their door....

Sadly, the article gives no more details on such tests. Wow! The same as the purported gladiators from Ephesus and at least 95% of their contemporaries; what a coincidence...

Isn

Actually, aside from some notable exceptions already quoted more than once (like the Persians or the Goths), it is actually pretty difficult to objectively estimate the menace from any frontier non-Roman population. We can never be absolutely sure to what extent were the Picts, Nubians or Arabs left unconquered for their actual military proficiency or just for logistic reasons. Virtually all Barbarian populations seem to have been a "nuisance" for the Romans at one time or the other. What we can be absolutely sure is that the Romans always represented a huge and real menace for any non-Roman population.

I must agree with K here; sensationalism strikes hard again. It seems all the original news was the finding of some sediment layers in the coast of Israel compatible with a tsunami at the time of Santorini's explosion.

Latium antiquum a Tiberi Cerceios servatum est m. p. L longitudine: tam tenues primordio imperi fuere radices. colonis saepe mutatis tenuere alii aliis temporibus, Aborigenes, Pelasgi, Arcades, Siculi, Aurunci, Rutuli et ultra Cerceios Volsci, Osci, Ausones, unde nomen Lati processit ad Lirim amnem. in principio est Ostia colonia ab Romano rege deducta, oppidum Laurentum, lucus Iovis Indigetis, amnis Numicius, Ardea a Dana