Segestan

Islam has added nothing positive to European culture or history. Islam is a system not a religion, a system that brings tyranny, brutality while destroying the conquered peoples free speech. The supposed knowledge that Mohammad

Thanks for sharing you're fine images. Hope you enjoyed you're trip , looks like a great time.

Ah, apologies are mine -- I should have realized you were talking strictly about the Ptolemy dynasty. I guess I was so enamoured of Hatshepsut that I had to get in a plug for her. But here's my question: Does history tell us whether the ruling, Ptolemaic Cleopatras were named "Cleopatra" from birth, or did they acquire the name of "Cleopatra" upon succession to the throne? -- Nephele After further study , I digress on the name being a title. It would appear that ' Cleopatra' was just a very common name within the Ptolmatic line. To associated the child to Royalty. The sister of Cleopatra VII,... Berenice was also a ruler, she organized a resistence took the throne from her father Ptolomy , and it was this event which brought the Roman Army to Egypt to reinstall Ptolomy. In this way Cleopatra VII became Ruler. What can you tell us about the children of Cleopatra VII ..interesting pedigree... to my knowledge she had two sons, one from Caesar the other of Antony? My source material on this is incomplete.

I do believe that "Cleopatra" is a name -- not a title -- meaning "father's glory." And, in fact, I know of at least 15 different Cleopatras. Regarding Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator... the fact that there were several Cleopatras in her Ptolemaic line of descent no more makes "Cleopatra" a title than is "Antigonus" for those dynastic kings of Macedonia who bore that name in succession. There was the 4th century BCE Cleopatra who was the niece of one of Philip II's Macedonian generals (Attalos). There was the 1st century CE Cleopatra who was a friend and client of Poppaea Sabina (the same Poppaea who eventually became the emperor Nero's second wife). There was even a freedwoman named Cleopatra, who was a favorite of the emperor Claudius. But, if you have some source you can cite providing information confirming that "Cleopatra" is a title and not a name, then I would be very interested in reading it. -- Nephele The name means " born of a famous father" came into prominence during the hellenistic period mainly as a result of its close association with the Royal House of Macedon. The first Cleopatra was the wife of Perdiccas II of Macedonand Cleopatra was also the name of the daughter of Phillip II at whose wedding celebrations Phillip was assassinated in 336 BC. You are correct it is a name but a name with a clear meaning of Royalty. Yes, but you said that "Cleopatra" was a title, which is misleading, just as is your statement that "Cleopatra" is "a name with a clear meaning of Royalty." Sorry if I appear to be overparticular here, but such "meaning" is derived through association -- not etymology. The name of "Cleopatra" comes from the Greek words kleos ("glory" or "fame") and patros ("father"), taken together to mean literally: "glory of the father." As for your statement that "the first Cleopatra was the wife of Perdiccas II of Macedonand..." No, actually, that's incorrect. Perhaps the earliest recorded instance of the name can be found in The Iliad, a work of literature which predates the reign of Perdiccas II by about three hundred years. In Book IX of The Iliad we find a woman by the name of Cleopatra, briefly mentioned as the wife of Meleagros (or, Meleager): "So [Meleagros] was angry with his mother Althaia and stayed at home with his wedded wife. She was the beautiful Cleopatra, the daughter of Marpessa Euenin

I do believe that "Cleopatra" is a name -- not a title -- meaning "father's glory." And, in fact, I know of at least 15 different Cleopatras. Regarding Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator... the fact that there were several Cleopatras in her Ptolemaic line of descent no more makes "Cleopatra" a title than is "Antigonus" for those dynastic kings of Macedonia who bore that name in succession. There was the 4th century BCE Cleopatra who was the niece of one of Philip II's Macedonian generals (Attalos). There was the 1st century CE Cleopatra who was a friend and client of Poppaea Sabina (the same Poppaea who eventually became the emperor Nero's second wife). There was even a freedwoman named Cleopatra, who was a favorite of the emperor Claudius. But, if you have some source you can cite providing information confirming that "Cleopatra" is a title and not a name, then I would be very interested in reading it. -- Nephele The name means " born of a famous father" came into prominence during the hellenistic period mainly as a result of its close association with the Royal House of Macedon. The first Cleopatra was the wife of Perdiccas II of Macedonand Cleopatra was also the name of the daughter of Phillip II at whose wedding celebrations Phillip was assassinated in 336 BC. You are correct it is a name but a name with a clear meaning of Royalty.

Cleopatra is a 'title' that was taken up by eight different women. The line of 'Cleopatra' was Macedonian .

Now that sure is news to me. You have any sources for that? You may find the uniquely Johannine scene of the session at Annas' house ( 18:12-24) also that Jesus was struck very hard for speaking to Annas sharply, ( v 22 ) and Jesus is brought to Annas' house ( v 12 ) Fact is the Annas house provided the many animals for sacrifices and Jesus' demands that this stop would have caused a large loss in sales to the sheeple. The Temple was the bank in those days and Jesus tried to halt the banks trading and sales. Result--- execution!

Annas and his family held the position. In 62 AD ; Annas the youngest son, took advantage of a hiatus in Roman rule to arrange the death of James , the brother of Jesus. The annas house was considered a temple, and Jesus was even taken their before his execution by Roman and Jewish soldiers.

The biggest problem with the Imperial Throne was it

Annas was appointed by Quirinius around AD 6 and deposed by Valerius Gratus in AD 15. Joseph Caiaphas was appointed by Valerius Gratus in 18 AD and removed from office around the year 36 AD by Vitellus Annas was influential far after his removal , in that his five son

High Priest in Jerusalem between AD 6 -15. He and his family where members of the Sanhedrin in Jerusalem. The family of Annas , his five son

What not? Film : SPQR

No .. he was born in Rome the son of the soldier and statesman Pompeius Strabo. He was given the Title.. Magnus by the senate after his victorious campaign over Marius in Sicily.

-----Intelligent Design---- There is Not nor has their ever been two person

I think the Romans would be amazed that it has been over 2500 years since the Republic was founded and after all these many centuries the battle for the perfect Republic still rages on. They would be saddened that in Italy itself, there still is no working Republic . The people have not learned how to govern any better than their early attempts. And an ...I told you so !... that the return of the Christ and his peace on earth was a fanthom idealism, one that still has not come any closer to realization today than what was so proudly proclaimed in Rome 2000 years ago. Amazed at just how little has actually changed in the ordinary lives of humankind. Modern tools do not make for a better man. I do like you're reasoning that all those who study Rome today are a Roman. But in my view being a Roman is best lived as a Republican idea, not any other. Democracy is Greek.

Julius Caesar For his role as leader, stateman and general he was the most influencial person in world history. By his crossing the Rubicon he set the stage for the worlds greatest empire , the Roman Empire and in doing so helped Roman ideas of law and order influence all following ages of law. Rome was the seat of Republican ideas , Athens the seat of Democratic. The second most important person would therefore be the first consul of the new Roman constitution and Republic : Lucius Junius Brutus. The worlds first genuine Republican leader and representative of moral law and order.

Please do. Always interested in Roman related subjects.

Before you make reviews please learn how to use the controls. Rome Total War is THE best game ever... period! press control I for infantry then drag the mouse placing the whole unit group in a long line formation, taking individual units from the line as needed. . Depending on you're faction units you may need to place common units at a staging area then groups them as needed. Taking certain units and individually placing these on the flank helps the whole line from being attacked and detroyed. AI likes to attack the flank. Legions and other spear throwing units needs to be -told- to throw at will( press the Throw at Will Icon, Place these throwing units behind the phalanx-Scitarii-hoplite units, as the enemy then approaches the army they will come under heavy dart attack and their numbers will be cut down. Make sure to have these units Not on Stand Ground, otherwise they will not pursue or attack at will. Calvary units grouping is control C placing these on the flanks aids the line once under attack. Once you have grouped you're units, placed them it is best to release them back under individial will. You can however fight as a complete group but AI will attack you at weak points and route you're army. Three weeks of game play in nothing , you need alot more time learning ; a campaign can lasts months. RTW is the best game you'll ever play. I strongly suggests you try again.

Much of those habits of luxury living that Romans discovered after the Punic Wars where the direct results of an ever increasing use of slavery. One of the prime reasons that the Greeks managed to advance culturally, was in fact slavery had allowed a greater amount of personal free time. Free Time to achieve at arts , crafts and philosophy that would never have been possible in an labor high society. Unfortunately slavery results in an ever increasing moral decay and self defeats the advancing high culture achievements. This civil conradiction , along with a brutal competition of city-states for slaves defeats the noble ideas of Republicanism. The Empires architects knew full well to give the Roman citizens the allusion of Republican politics. Nothing works as well as having the citizen think he is free.

Certainly the Republic saw moral decay result from Roman expansion; but it was never easy from the beginning for Rome. Being a Roman required a respect of law , a great social responsibility. The Civil Wars, were testimony that the Republic had become unstable, that the Roman system was being tested to the limits of fairness, and the moral decay wasn

The Empire was an unlawful result of outlaws , the Republic was founded on Roman moral law. All that was needed , to save the Republic, was a senate that could enforce the Laws of the Republic , by default remove the Oligarchies puppet Caesar. Caesar was murdered but his power was bigger than he. Augustus did a good job of using that which Caesar had stolen, as an outlaw ruler , but it wasn't long before the barbarians were at the gates, so to speak, and the Republic was no more. .

That looks more like an image of the Sabellian Bull from the Italian Confederacy not a Mithraic Bull. Julian was a follower of the ancient Roman religion as was most every member of the Roman aristocracy of his day. What sources says that all of Romes aristocracy was following Mithraism? None that i know of. Even Julian's own brand of Roman religion was heavily influenced by the Greek deities and those schools of philosophy , were are the sources of institutional Mithraism in Rome? Julian however never actually followed even the ancient religion of the Romans, his brand was politically influenced by the Greeks.

A few thoughts on you

http://www.ki4u.com/chishp.jpg Not 1 in 1000 Chinese cargo containers are ever searched by U.S. Customs! A U.S. Customs official said in the Orange County Register (3/15/97): "Ships are subject to random searches and shippers must submit documents listing ship and container contents. But there are thousands of containers which come into the ports each month. We cannot inspect each and every container - we have to accept what is on the documents as a true representation of what is in that cargo." Every time the value of the US dollar falls one cent ; China loses 14 billion Dollars. At some point the strategic assets will out weigh the financial. Pearl Harbor will be a picnic in the park compared to WWIII. It will take an historic effort from the West or Freedom in the world will end on this next supreme day of surprises. .