roman wargamer

Lacertus... The pilum and the martiobarbul are not different weapons. The martiobarbul is the perfected pilum. The practical application of this weapon are not change. wargamer's reply is , here is how i understand it. a Roman legiones have all this weapons, for example the Hastatus... big spear................................=spear weapon.............. "hastae" primum weapon small spear.............................=spear weapon.............. "hastula" ( use as reserve in case the hastae break ? ) big javelin...............................=thong javelin............... "amentata" small javelin...........................= light trowing spear........"velitaris" ( with soft iron tip, terms could be ,small spear , javelin , or dart ) lets see what i mean...and have a comparative study. soldier......................................hastatus.........................celtic soldier big spear................................. "hastae".........................."bebra" small javelin............................."velitaris"........................."martiobarbuli" ( with soft iron tip ) a hastatus have hastae...and a pilanus have pilus.and his javelin is called pilum, here is my reply to longbow. so a "hastae" is a spear and "hastula" is a small spear. to a detailed study of a military professional they are different, yes. so that why i am getting confused, how the "martiobarbuli" with soft iron tip, become a primary weapon, maybe i am wrong on my notes. please i only mean to make things clearer to me .

Beginnings Of Rome by Tj Cornells . Reviewed by pompeius magnus , a good review. here is how i remember the first Forum. from my old notes of course. the Palatine , Esquiline , Quirinal and Capitoline Hills united and become the cornerstone of future Rome. having a common meeting place in the valley between them. the 4 first united roman tribe.

i was confused to this question and term... pilum is a javelin and martiobarbuli also, they differ only in size, soldier who use and function.

i like to joint this kind of discusion...but my reply could be very religious and biblical base, i will try later.

The Enemy Position _________________________________________________________________________ Cursores Agmen Line of the Legion 1__o/..o/..o/..=............Antecursores Prior / light infantry 2__o/..o/..o/..=............Antecursores Posterior / light infantry 3__0/..0/..0/..=............Cursores Prior / medium infantry / phalanx 4__0/..0/..0/..=............Cursores Posterior / medium infantry / phalanx 5__o!..o!..o!..=............Postcursores Prior / javelin infantry 6__o!..o!..o!..=............Postcursores Posterior / javelin infantry 7__.+..+..+..=............Archer 8__.?...?...?..=............Slinger __________________________________________________________________________ Primum Agmen Line of the Legion ( Primary Column ) __________________________________________________________________________ Primum Acies of the Cohors ================ 1__0/..0/..0/..=............Anteadstatus / medium infantry / phalanx / supernumerary 2__[]/.[]/.[]/..=............Hastatus Prior 3__[]/.[]/.[]/..=............Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ Secundae Acies of the Cohors ================= 4__0/..0/..0/..=............Anteprinceps / medium infantry / phalanx / supernumerary 5__()/.()/.()/..=............Princeps Prior 6__()/.()/.()/..=............Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ 10__............................position of the cohors signanus / ( battalion standard ) ___________________________________________________________________________ Triarii Acies of the Cohors =================== 7__0/..0/..0/..=............Antepilanus / medium infantry / phalanx / supernumerary 8__[]/.[]/.[]/..=............Pilus Prior 9__[]/.[]/.[]/..=............Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ here it all started wargamer= in my workguess...each legion have an average of 16,000 soldier in time of war. P.Clodius= Wargamer, you're way off on those numbers. A legion constituted approximately 5500 men. Primus Pilus= Seems he may be including attached auxilia? While estimates of auxilia strength varies from scholar to scholar, a ratio of 1 to 1 (auxiliary to legionary) is safe. Using that assumption. = 6,000 + 6.000 = 12,000 and already near or more to the standard number use of 10,000 per general premise ... the normal line of the legiones have 6 lines + the 4 lines of the supernumerary and + the 6 or 8 lines of the medium infantry and light infantry = 16 or 18 centuria per cohors so 16 or 18 lines per cohors X 10 cohort = 16,000 or 18,000 per legion. ( very "far" and different from what i normally read in other books or article. ) note: medium infantry ( my workguess term ) is the heavy infantry before the creation of hastatus , princeps and pilanus shields , armour and weapons. in Scipio Africanus time , he added another "sagitarii centuria" line of archer inside the "legiones cohors line". in Julius Caesar time , he added another "balearic centuria" line of slinger inside the "legiones cohors line". here is another question? where is the manuballista or scorpio position? where is the cohors praetoria? who are they? how many? are they included in the regular legiones line? see related article "The Legion Military Organization Structure",for the shields,weapons ,function. i will try to detailed , for example the signanus or hastatus, in later post.

============================= representing the Cohors in Battle Line each 1 figure means 3 contubernium , or contutriplia , turmae = 1 line means centuria ============================== _________________________________________________________________________ Cursores Agmen Line of the Legion 1__o/.o/.o/..=............Antecursores Prior light infantry 2__o/.o/.o/..=............Antecursores Posterior light infantry 3__0/.0/.0/..=............Cursores Prior medium infantry / phalanx 4__0/.0/.0/..=............Cursores Posterior medium infantry / phalanx 5__o!.o!.o!..=............Postcursores Prior javelin infantry 6__o!.o!.o!..=............Postcursores Posterior javelin infantry 7__.+.+.+..=............Archer 8__.?..?..?..=............Slinger _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ i will try to add the regular line of legiones in my next visit. i am very tired due to work and lacks the enegy to write much. pardon me.

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Q? P.Clodius says Wargamer, you're way off on those numbers. A legion constituted approximately 5500 men. A= here it is all begun. in my workguess...each legion have an average of 16,000 soldier in time of war. 6,000 regular legioner and 240 legiones equites 4,000 supernumerary soldier, medium armed soldier who have specialized battle function. 2,000 roman non property citizen or militias, light armed soldier 2,000 alae wings 2,000 auxilia Q? Primus Pilus reply Seems he may be including attached auxilia? While estimates of auxilia strength varies , a ratio of 1 to 1 (auxiliary to legionary) is safe. Using that assumption. 6,000 legioner + 6,000 auxilia = 12,000 soldier a=rad , enemy normally use the ( 10 , 100 , 1,000 , ) 10,000 soldier per general unrv post at the miliary section ==================== The basic structure of the army is as follows: in comparative study guesswork Contubernium: (tent group) consisted of 8 men. =rad 9 soldier per contubernium ( in a 9 numbered formation like the 9 number domino ) as the agmen quadratum formation or the legiones triplex acies Centuria: (century) was made up of 10 contubernium with a total of 80 men commanded by a centurion =rad 9 soldier per contubernium X 9 contubernium in every centuriae = 81 soldier per centuriae Cohorts: (cohort) included 6 centuriae . In addition the first cohort was double strength but with only 5 centuriae instead of the normal 6. Legio: (Legion) consisted of 10 cohorts. unrv= 80 men per centuriae X 6 centuriae = 480 men x 9 cohorts = 4,320 men rad = 81 men per centuriae X 6 centuriae = 486 men x 9 cohorts = 4,374 men unrv= 06 centuriae X 9 cohors = 54 + 10 centuriae from 1st cohors = 64 ? any comment on this note it could be that cohors praetoria is not really counted with the regular legiones centurion of 60. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- but i will temporarily shift to my opening premise in the Roman Empire section , titled roman civilization. note: erratum , ommission and explainatory notes, please forgive my typoghraphical error. accensus hastae should be read the "dory makron" ============================== The Accensus Legiones Phalangirarius / Legion Phalanx ------------------------------------------------------ Accensus = Medium Infantry ( did not meet property requirements ) Shields..........aspis koile Weapons.......gladius,pugio,dory makron Function........"runners" , skirmisher Position.........front battle line of the cohors ------------------------------------------------------- Accensus = Light Infantry ( head count ) Shields..........aspis platea Weapons.......gladius,pugio,dory Function........"runners" , skirmisher Position.........front battle line of the cohors _________________________________________________________________________ Cursores Agmen Line of the Legion ( Front Column ) Assault / Skirmisher 1_o/.o/.o/..=..o/.o/.o/..=..o/.o/.o/............Antecursores Prior 2_o/.o/.o/..=..o/.o/.o/..=..o/.o/.o/............Antecursores Posterior 3_0/.0/.0/..=..0/.0/.0/..=..0/.0/.0/............Cursores Prior 4_0/.0/.0/..=..0/.0/.0/..=..0/.0/.0/............Cursores Posterior _________________________________________________________________________

yes , it is the beginning, the conquest of Italia . and they slowly get into conflict with , as Carhage own some of the near territory. the Punic War begins... with the Roman expansion and conquest.

an in-depth workguess by rad adenir dulay on The Legion Military Organization Structure coyright work claim by rad for the intent to use it in future book to be written. The Legion have 16,000 soldier member numbers in time of war. enemy have normally use the 10,000 soldiers unit per general. Julius Caesar timeline ============================ Hastatus = Heavy infantry Shields..........scutum Weapons.......gladius,pugio,hasta Function.........primum acies in cohortia Position.........first battle line of cohors ................................................................ Princeps = Heavy Infantry Shields..........clipeus Weapons.......gladius,pugio,pilus Function........secundae acies in cohortia Position.........second battle line of cohors ................................................................ Pilus = Most Heavy Infantry Shields..........scutum Weapons.......gladius,pugio,pilus Function........novissimum acies in cohortia Position.........last battle line of cohors triarii ============================= representing the Legion in Battle Line each 1 figure means 3 contubernium , or contutriplia , peditata turmae ============================== The Accensus is Added Accensus = Medium Infantry Shields..........aspis koile Weapons.......gladius,pugio,hastae Function........"runners" , skirmisher Position.........front battle line of the cohors _________________________________________________________________________ 0/...0/...0/..=..0/...0/...0/..=..0/...0/...0/............Cursores Prior ...................................................................... 0/...0/...0/..=..0/...0/...0/..=..0/...0/...0/............Cursores Posterior __________________________________________________________________________ Primum Agmen Line of the Legion ( Primary Column ) .....cohort..............cohort..............cohort.......... __________________________________________________________________________ Primum Acies in cohortia ================ [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Hastatus Prior ........................................................................ [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ Secundae Acies in cohortia ================= (/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)........Princeps Prior ........................................................................ (/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)........Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ .................position of the cohort standard ___________________________________________________________________________ Novissimum Acies in cohortia =================== [/]...[/]...[/]..,..[/]..,..[/]...[/]...[/]...,..[/]...[/]...[/].......Pilus Prior ............................................................................... [/]...[/]...[/]..,..[/]..,..[/]...[/]...[/]...,..[/]...[/]...[/].......Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Secundae Agmen Line of the Legion ( Secondary Column ) ....cohort..............cohort...............cohort.......... ___________________________________________________________________________ Primum Acies in cohortia ================ [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Hastatus Prior ......................................................................... [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ Secundae Acies in cohortia ================= (/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)........Princeps Prior ......................................................................... (/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)........Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ .......................position of the cohort standard ___________________________________________________________________________ Novissimum Acies in cohortia =================== [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Pilus Prior ......................................................................... [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Novissimum Agmen Line of the Legion ( Rear Column ) .....cohort.............cohort...............cohort.......... ____________________________________________________________________________ Primum Acies in cohortia ================ [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Hastatus Prior ........................................................................ [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ Secundae Acies in cohortia ================= (/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)........Princeps Prior ........................................................................ (/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)..=..(/)...(/)...(/)........Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ .................position of the cohort standard ___________________________________________________________________________ Novissimum Acies in cohortia =================== [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Pilus Prior ........................................................................ [/]...[/]...[/]..=..[/]...[/]...[/]...=..[/]...[/]...[/].......Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ as you will notice ,the represenation are now in 4 Major Column. i stand to be corrected. please forgive my typoghraphical error, ommission and erratum.

we are working right now in a construction of a commercial building ,me as carpenter and skilled lead man. have to wake up in 6:00 am , begin works at 7:00 am break at 12:00 noon to 1:00 pm, and begin working again at 1:00 pm and stop working at 10:00 pm and that's everyday , even sunday. if anybody could do battle with shields , pilus and weapons weight burden after a long march??? i doubt it very much. experience will tell you the reality , that legioner is also human and do get tired. The legatus is banking on that he enemy will run like chicken if they will see the roman legion are now attacking. poors Valens.

most of them is already mentioned...not to modern... i like Geronimo, ancient one The Prince , the last one i read is Nataniel's Nut. i consider film and books as the same.

an in-depth workguess by rad adenir dulay on The Legion Military Organization Structure coyright work claim by rad for the intent to use it in future book to be written. The Legion have 16,000 soldier member numbers in time of war. enemy have normally use the 10,000 soldiers unit per general. Julius Caesar timeline Rome have an Standing Army of 150,000 and also Acensus reservist of 150,000 if we will devide 150,000 into 30 legion = it will means 5,000 members per legio or, devide 25 = 6,000 soldiers. in my workguess...each legion have an average of 16,000 soldier in time of war. 6,000 regular legioner and 240 legiones equites 4,000 supernumerary soldier, medium armed soldier who have specialized battle function. 2,000 roman non property citizen or militias, light armed soldier 2,000 alae wings from socii 2,000 auxilia //..............................................................................................................................................................................................// erratum , ommission and explainatory notes, please forgive my typogarphical error. The Legion shall be in the Battle Formation because i am talking in time of war, so the Pilus Prior and Pilus Posterior , should be in the rear , in time of war, and the Hastatus in front. The Legion Battle Formation shall be in "triplex acies". to be represented in Cohort and Legion . Legend to be Use ...................means space holder and for between centuria ,,,,,,,,,,.........means space holder between contutriplia ______.........means space holder between manipuli ====..........means space holder between cohort [/].[/]...........means hastatus and Pilus (/).(/)...........means princeps ............................................................... Hastatus=Shields,Weapons,Function,Position. Shields..........scutum Weapons.......gladius,pugio,hasta Function.........primum agmen in cohortia Position.........first main battle line of cohors ................................................................ Princeps =Shields,Weapons,Function,Position. Shields..........clipeus Weapons.......gladius,pugio,pilus Function........princeps agmen in cohortia Position.........second main batle line of cohors ................................................................ Pilus =Shields,Weapons,Function,Position. Shields..........scutum Weapons.......gladius,pugio,pilus Function........rear agmen in cohortia Position.........triarii last main battle line of cohors ................................................................. ============================= representing cohort in battle line each figure means 1 contubernia __________________________________________________________________________ position of the velite , light and medium armed troops __________________________________________________________________________ [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..........................................................................................Hastatus Prior ................................................................................................................................... [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..........................................................................................Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)...........................................................................................Princeps Prior .................................................................................................................................... (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)...........................................................................................Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ position of the cohort standard ___________________________________________________________________________ [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...........................................................................................Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]............................................................................................Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ ========================================================== representing Legion in battle line each figure means 1 contubernia ___________________________________________________________________________ First Acies Line of the Legion ...............cohort...................................cohort...................................cohort................... [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Hastatus Prior ................................................................................................................................... [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)..Princeps Prior .................................................................................................................................... (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)..Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ ............................................position of the cohort standard ___________________________________________________________________________ [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ Second Acies Line of the Legion ========================================================== __________________________________________________________________________ ...............cohort...................................cohort...................................cohort................... [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Hastatus Prior ................................................................................................................................... [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)..Princeps Prior .................................................................................................................................... (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)..Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ ............................................position of the cohort standard ___________________________________________________________________________ [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ Third Acies Line of the Legion ========================================================== ___________________________________________________________________________ ...............cohort...................................cohort...................................cohort................... [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Hastatus Prior ................................................................................................................................... [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Hastatus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)..Princeps Prior .................................................................................................................................... (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/)..Princeps Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ ............................................position of the cohort standard ___________________________________________________________________________ [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]..Pilus Posterior ___________________________________________________________________________ .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Hastatus Prior .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Hastatus Posterior .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Princeps Prior .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Princeps Posterior .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Pilus Prior .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Pilus Posterior .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Primus Pilus .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Preatoria .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................Preatoria .............................................[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]...............................................preatoria .............................................position of the 1st Cohort ___________________________________________________________________________ i corrected the error and adds only the 1st cohort i will openly accept rebuttal. thanks , P..Clodius try to add the equietes in the nex visit. ........

an in-depth workguess by rad adenir dulay on The Legion Military Organization Structure to prove my believe that the Roman Legion have more than 6,000 soldier members in time of war. enemy have normally use the 10,000 soldiers unit per general. Julius Caesar timeline the food ration are 150,000 for the adrescens , if we will devide 150,000 into 30 legion = it will means 5,000 members per legio or, devide 25 = 6,000 soldiers. now let's look at the common accepted view , even posted at the unrv military section. here is what i believe the 3 main Battle Line , in every Cohortia each cohort have 3 manipuli of regular legioner and have 2 centuria each. Pilus Prior Pilus Posterior Princeps Prior Princeps Posterior Hastatus Prior Hastatus Posterior ........................................................................................................... i will put now the cohort standard ................................................ Pilus Prior Pilus Posterior ................................................ Princeps Prior Princeps Posterior ................................................ Cohortia Standard ( under military tribune ) ................................................ Hastatus Prior Hastatus Posterior ............................................... i will represent it into Shields..........scutum Weapons.......gladius,pugio,pilus Function........primun agmen in cohortia Position.........first main line ............................................... the contubernia formation ( team ) [/].[/].[/]. [/].[/].[/]. [/].[/].[/]. ....[/]..... ............................................... the contuduplia formation ( squad ) [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]. [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]. [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]. ................................................ the contutriplia formation ( platoon ) [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]. [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]. [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]. ...................[/].................... ................................................ i will represent it into centurion each figure means 1 contubernia [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Posterior ............................................... now i will represent 3 cohort in continous line each figure means 1 contubernia [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Posterior ............................................... then i will add the princeps each figure means 1 contubernia i will represent it into Shields..........clipeus Weapons.......gladius,pugio,pilus Function........princeps agmen in cohortia Position.........second main line [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Posterior (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).Princeps Prior (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).Princeps Posterior ............................................... ............................................... now i will represent 3 cohort in continous line the Pilus Prior,Pilus Posterior ,Princeps Prior ,Princeps Posterior each figure means 1 contubernia --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Pilus Posterior --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).Princeps Prior (/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).,.(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).(/).Princeps Posterior --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].Hastatus Prior [/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].,.[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/].[/]Hastatus Posterior =========================================================== i will openly accept rebuttal and prove of evidence of correction. next post will be about the cohorts standard ...............................................

in Julius Caesar time , he double the food ration into 300,000 . and on Octavian time , he return it again into 150,000 . the Adcrescens , are soldier offsprings that receive free food ration even before they take actual military active service. if we will devide 150,000 into 30 legion = it will means 5,000 members per legio or, devide 25 = 6,000 soldiers. now let's look at the common accepted view , even posted at the unrv military section. ( for limitation and my qoute , timeline Caesar ) here is what i believe the 3 main Battle Line , in every Cohortia each cohort have 3 manipuli of regular legioner and have 2 centuria each. Pilus Prior Pilus Posterior Princeps Prior Princeps Posterior Hastatus Prior Hastatus Posterior ........................................................................................................... i will put now the cohort standard Pilus Prior Pilus Posterior ................................................ Princeps Prior Princeps Posterior ................................................ Cohortia Standard ( under military tribune ) ................................................ Hastatus Prior Hastatus Posterior ............................................... but because i beleive it is more approprite in the Legion Section i will post it also there in more detailed ways.

i will try to recall my old notes...on legion member numbers.

Even though the tribes each had a senate member, the true power in the senate was in the hands of the important or powerful families, such as the julii, brutii, claudian, etc. Another question is was there still a good amount of annomoisity between the plebians and patricians . post by pompeius magnus here is my reply in 241 ? the comitia centuriata of equites lost the right of the fisrt vote. it is tranfered to , then the senior ( over 46 ) and junior from each of the 5 class in each of the 35 tribe i.e. 2 x 5 x 35 = 350 + 18 knights and of 5 property less citizen = 373 person acts as senator members pass as a democratic ways of life and system but still remained in reality and practice as one of property and age since they are in position and have almost a hereditary sucession on office. the 100 patrician family have almost exclusive control and sucession of office. while the 200 plebians ( 500 in the Caesar time ) members are not sure to hold office. they have to be successful , famous , wealthy and have the right connection to be elected to office. and in every election and debate , of course it is in Rome , you have to be there to be counted and have bearing. otherwise you will only be senator in name only or like a paper tiger. in reality , it is only the wealthy who can afford to GO to Rome , in election and debate meeting. so as the time pass by , Roman in Rome slowly control and manipulate the senate.

it is the roman aristocrat family rivalry and infighting, they killed more senator themselve in civil wars, in Octavian time alone maybe 300 senators, than what Hannibal have done in Cannae, only 80 senators. 25 standing legions? i have been baffled in the numbers of soldier members in the legion. in my workguess...each legion have an average of 16,000 soldier in time of war. 6,000 regular legioner and 240 legiones equites 4,000 supernumerary soldier, medium armed soldier who have specialized battle function. 2,000 roman non property citizen or militias, light armed soldier 2,000 alae wings from socii 2,000 auxilia

The Power of Rome reside in the tribal members group united by treaty of parity?. The US have Central federal government of political and armed forces. In Washington D.C. people from and composes of 50 independent state who have their own National Guards. in time of war , the central government could automatically activate the NG into active service. it is the state who bear the taxes and armed forces manpower. In Rome ( in republic times ) each tribe have senate representative in Rome. the Senate is the Political Realm... the base of legal power. Acts as Legislative who appoint the government officials and each department office heads. like the Dictator in time of war and the 2 Pro-Consul in time of peace. each tribe Bear the taxes and manpower needed for the WAR. ( 35 Tribes ? ) where the Legio originated as Levy to tribe. normally other kingdom have less than 10 major tribe as members, some are even alone. so even if Rome lose a Battle she will only obliged the tribe members to raise a new Legions. to replace those legio who are defeated or annihilated. it is the advantage of Rome other Kingdoms do not have. Rome power was actually base on the superior number of tribe members as Union Of Nation. The super power of the Ancient Era.

my apology to Hamilcar Barca... if you are the original on this post. it just happen that i normally visit only 2 to 3 times a week and hours only per visit. thats why you will notice , most of my reply are sometimes too late for few days. that cause me to be not updated and have some lapses on information. Crecy 1346 English Victory original post by Hamilcar Barca The Battle of Crecy took place on the 26th of August, 1346 in northeren France and is commonly known as the battle which ended heavy cavalry.

We few, we happy few, we band of brothers; For he to-day that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother; be he ne'er so vile, This day shall gentle his condition: re post by leedx7 yes this is what i mean to be. but not to mean that Crecy War be delegeted. to be honest , most of my information and information reading is inadequate For the record, the longbow won many victories for the English during the CYear war. Crecy is but one example, other great victories also occurred at Auberoche (1345), Poiters (1356) and Agincourt (1415). They had lost their advantage by the 16th Century though, the French simply used cannon fire to break up their ranks such as at Castilion in 1453.post by long bow it just happen it occur to my mind when i post my age. and i read that article more than 20 years ago.

my age are really beginning to show. thanks Primus Pilus, i remember now , maybe i read it more than 20 years ago.

going to be 40 in october...on the day... when the English Long Bow power was proven against the French cross bow and arrow. but always think and feel only 30 with little element of truth.