101
Statesman of the Roman Republic (509-43 BCE) |
Era |
Statesman |
Notations |
| 509-500
(Birth
of the Republic)
|
L. Junius Brutus (cos. 509)
|
first consul, expelled the
Etruscan Kings |
P. Valerius Publicola
(cos. 509-507)
|
first consul; first triumphator;
reinstated the senate; created the treasury and quaestorship; legalised
regicide, allowed plebeian appeals; invited the Claudian gens and clientele
of 5000 to Rome |
Cn Marcius Coriolanus
(pr? 508)
|
reconciled Rome with the Volscians |
| 501-272
(Conquest of
Italy)
|
S. Cassius
Vecellinus (cos. 502, 493, 486)
|
defeated
Sabines |
| Q.
Fabius Vibulanus (cos. 485, 482) |
defeated
Volscii and Aequii |
K.
Fabius Vibulanus (cos. 484, 481, 479)
|
defeated
Veientes, opposed agrarian laws |
M.
Fabius Vibulanus (cos. 483, 480)
|
defeated
Veientes; hero of Cremera |
T.
Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus (cos. 471, 468, 465, 446, 443, 439)
|
defeated
Volcii; settled Antium; defeated Aequii; foiled putsch by Spurius Maelius |
L.
Quinctius Cincinnatus (imp 458, 439)
|
appointed
dict. to save Rome from Aequians |
Appius
Claudius (cos 471, 451; decemvir 451, 450)
|
completed
Law of Twelve Tables; introduced lictors; abduction of Verginia sparked
revolt, his suicide |
M.
Furius Camillus (dict. 396, 390, 389, 368, 367)
|
defeated
Veientines, Faliscans, Fidenates, Volscians, Praenestians, Antiates, Etruscans;
expelled Gauls from Rome |
| G.
Licinius Stolo (tr. 376-367), L. Sextius |
passed
Lex Licinia Sextia: restored consulship and opened it to plebs |
M
Fabius Ambustus (cos 360, 358, 354)
|
Princeps
Senatus; conquered Hernici, Falisci, Tarquinienses, Tiburtes; repeatedly
violated Licinian law |
M.
Popilius Laenas (cos 359, 356, 350, 348)
|
repulsed
Tiburtines; prosecuted Licinius Stolo for violating his own agrarian laws;
first plebeian triumphator for victory over Gauls |
G.
Marcus Rutilus (cos. 357, 352, 344, 342)
|
first
plebeian consul, dictator, censor; defeated Etruscans |
T.
Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus (cos. 340)
|
defeated
revolting Latin allies at Veseris, Volsci, Auruncii, Campanians, Sidicini;
Equites Campani granted civitas |
M.
Valerius Maximus Corvus (cos 348, 346, 343, 335, 300, 299; imp 301)
|
defeated
Gauls, Volsci, Samnites, Marsi, Etruscans; captured Cales and founded
colony; enforced Ogulnian law opening religious colleges to plebs |
L
Papirius Cursor (cos 333, 326, 320, 219, 315, 313)
|
defeated
Samnites; obliged by senate and assemblies to pardon Fabius' engagement
at Imbrivium; avenged loss at Caudium; celebrated 4 triumphs |
Q.
Fabius Maximus Rullianus (cos 322, 310, 308, 301, 297, 296)
|
defeated
Samnites; received Camerinum in alliance; pacified Perusia, Cortuna, Arretium;
defeated combined army of Samnites, Gauls, Etruscans, and Umbrians at
Sentinum |
A.
Claudius Caecus (cen 312; cos. 307, 296; interrex 299 )
|
commisioned
Appian aqueduct and Appian road to Capua; defeated Etruscans, Samnites;
purged plebeian candidates |
L.
Cornelius Scipio Scapula Barbatus (cos 298)
|
defeated
the Samnite Linen Legion, took Aquilonia, Taurasia, Cisauna; subdued Lucania |
Q
Fabius Maximus Gurges (cos 292, 276, 265)
|
built
Venereal temple near Circus Maximus; defeated by Pentrian Samnites; granted
several triumphs for victories over Samnites; princeps senatus, like father
and grandfather |
M.
Curius Dentatus (cos 290, 275, 274; cen 272)
|
restored
plebeian candidates; decisively defeated Samnites, Pyrrhus, Lucanians,
Bruttians; built Aniensis Vetus aqueduct and Fall of Terni |
| 264-202
(First
and Second Punic
Wars)
|
Marcus Atilius Regulus (cos
267, 256)
|
defeated Sabelli, captured
Brundisium; first consul in war with Carthage; captured Aspis, Tunis;
defeated by Xanthippus; by legend, sacrificed himself to continue war |
Gn. Cornelius Scipio Asina
(cos 260, 254)
|
built first corvus navy; naval
blunder led to capture; released by Carthage, captured Panormus |
P. Appius Claudius Pulcher
(cos 249)
|
after killing Sacred Chickens,
lost 93 of 120 ships to Adherbal in worst naval defaeat in Roman history;
charged with perduellio, Pulcher died before trial |
G. Lutatius Catulus (cos.
242)
|
captured 70 and sunk 50 Punic
ships in brilliant naval victory against Hanno; forced Hamilcar to accept
harsh terms of peace, ending First Punic War; celebrated triumph |
Q. Fulvius Flaccus
(237, 224, 212, 209)
|
defeated Ligurians, Gauls,
Insubrians; sent army and navy to Sardinia; defeated Carthaginians at
Beneventum; cruelly subdued Capua. |
C. Flaminius
(cos 223, 217)
|
carried lex Ager Gallicus
Picenus, agrarian bill causing war with Cisalpine Gauls; built Circus
Flaminius and Via Flaminia; passed bill forbidding Roman senators from
engaging in sea trade; led army to destruction at lake Trasimenus |
P. Cornelius Scipio (cos.
218)
|
defeated Hasdrubal in Spain;
defeated by Hannibal at Trebia |
M. Claudius Marcellus
(cos 222, 215, 214, 210, 208)
|
ended Gallic war through decisive
victory over Insubrians; checked Hannibal at Nola, capturing Numidian
and Spanish horse; captured Syracusa; defeated Carthaginians under Hanno;
liberated allied Salapia from Hannibal; caused Hannibal's retreat to Bruttium |
Q. Fabius Maximus
Verrucosus 'Cunctator' (cos 233, 228, 215, 214, 209)
|
Princeps senatus; opposed
lex Flaminia; saved Rome from utter defeat after Cannae; recaptured Casilinum
and Tarentum |
M. Livius Salinator (cos.
219, 207)
|
successfully campaiged against
Illyrians; found guilty of malfeasance during mission in Carthage; with
Nero, blocked the advance of Hasdrubal at Metaurus, effectively ending
the Carthaginian campaign in Italy |
P. Cornelius Scipio
Africanus Major (cos. 205, 194)
|
saved father at Tricenus and
remanants of army from Cannae; proconsul in Spain, captured Carthago Nova,
defeated Hasdrubal at Baecula, and by his victories at Elinga and Gades,
drove Carthage from Spain; elected unanimously as consul at age 30, raised
Allied army to supplement consular one in Sicily, crossed over to Near
Utica, whence he defeated armies of Hasdrubal, Syphax, and ultimately
Hannibal at Zama; refused lifetime dictatorship, later served as princeps
senatus, thereafter claiming to receive guidance from Jove directly; after
a questionable affair with the enemy Antiochus, Scipio was prosecuted
by the tribune Naevius, but was acquitted and went into voluntary exile |
| 199-146
(Third Punic
and Macedonian
Wars)
|
T. Quinctius
Flamininus (cos 198)
|
governor
of Tarentum, conquered Narnia; detached Achaean League from Macedon and
defeated Philip V at Cynoscephalae; famously 'liberated' Greece at Isthmian
Games, crushed Sparta, and won Thebes with a speech; devoted philhellene,
opposed by Cato the Censor |
M.
Porcius Cato (cos 195; censor 184)
|
intimate
of Fabius, hero of Metaurus, subjected Hispania Citerior; sponsored second
Lex Porcia, observing plebeian right to appeal magisterial decisions;
restored plebeian games; with former patron and princeps senatus L Valerius
Flaccus, opposed repeal of Oppian (sumptuary) laws; winning 44 of 45 legal
cases, successfully opposed Cornelii, Quinctii; famously advocated destruction
of Carthage; opposing Hellenization, wrote De Agricultura in Latin; built
Basilica Porcia, first basilica in Rome |
M Fulvius
Nobilior (cos 189)
|
conquered
Achaea; patron of Ennius; erected temples to Hercules and the Muses; devoted
philhellene, opposed by Cato the Censor |
L. Cornelius
Scipio Asiaticus (cos 190)
|
serving
under brother Africanus in Spain, took Oringis in 208; in 190, defeated
Antiochus at Mt Sipylus (Magnesia), assumed surname Asiaticus as triumphator;
generous terms of peace with Antiochus led to charges of bribery, and
Africanus' haughty reply to charges led to Asiaticus incurring a ruinous
fine |
M. Aemilius
Lepidus (cos 187, 175)
|
six-time
princeps senatus; as boy, won grass crown; tutor to Ptolemy V; conquered
Ligurians; elected pontifex maximus; extended Via Flaminia from Ariminum
to Aquileia |
L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus (cos 182, 168)
|
renowned
integrity, prosecuted pecaurii, pacified Spain in 189; triumphator for
defeat of Ligurian pirates; overwhelmingly defeated formidable forces
of Macedonia at Pydna, re-organized the territory, and brought such wealth
to Rome as to abolish taxes on Roman people; taking only Phillip's books
as booty, died in poverty |
| P. Cornelius
Scipio Aemilianus (cos. 147, 134) |
conqueror
of Macedonia; patron of Polybius, Panaetius, Lucilius, and Terence; distinguished
orator; in 168, fought under Aemilius Paullus at battle of Pydna; mural
honors at Intercatia; praised by Cato, captured Carthage, ending Third
Punic War; in 139, supported Lex Tabellaria of Cassius Longinus; captured
Numantia in 133; having supported execution of Ti Gracchus and abrogation
of his laws, found murdered in 129 |
| 143-108
(Gracchan Reforms
and Jugurtha)
|
Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus
(cos 143)
|
triumph for defeat of Andriscus
in Macedon; defeated Critolaus in Locris; known for severe discipline
but rare humanity towards the enemy; sponsored lex Maritandis Ordinibus,
compelling free citizens to marry in order to increase the depleted population;
opposed Gracchi |
S. Sulpicius Galba (cos. 144)
|
defeated by Lusitanians; obtaining
peace, treacherously massacred Spaniards, led to uprising of Viriathus;
prosecuted by Cato (age 88) |
D. Junius Brutus Gallaecus
(cos 138)
|
opposed tribunician corn doles
in 138, leading to imprisonment by C. Curiatius; pacified Lusitania, led
army to Atlantic, defeated Gallaeci, triumphed; founded Jus Civile |
P. Mucius Scaevola (cos 133)
|
founded Jus Civile; pontifex
maximus; refused initial overtures to use force against Ti Gracchus, but
after the illegal assembly, drew up senatus consulta ultimum |
T.
Gracchus (tr. 133)
|
corona muralis at Carthage;
augur; as quaestor, negotiated generous peace with Numantia for which
his colleague Mancinus was delivered to the enemy; as tribune in 133,
attempted to renew and expand Licinian law, which was vetoed by the tribune
Octavius, whom Gracchus deposed; in unprecedented second run for tribuneship,
Gracchus was killed by the tribune Satureius |
G.
Gracchus (tr. 123, 122)
|
proconsul of Sardinia; tribune
in 123, proposed and withdrew bill proposing prosecution for executing
citizens without trial; carried forward agrarian laws, fixed price of
corn, established dole; replaced senators with equites on juries; reformed
assignment of provinces; proposed extension of franchise to Italian allies
and settlement of Carthage; violently opposed by consul Opimius, killed
by his slave amidst civil turmoil |
M. Aemilius Scaurus (cos 115,
107)
|
renowned princeps senatus;
as consul, sponsored sumpturary laws and reforms concerning freedmen,
triumphed over Galli and Carni, bribed by Jugurtha into accepting peace
terms; opposed Saturninus |
M. Livius Drusus (cos. 112)
|
as tribune, opposed C. Gracchus
by successfully bringing similar legislation before senate, including
protection of Italian rights, forgiveness of debts, and establishment
of 12 colonies for some 36k poor; as proconsul to Macedonia, ejected the
cruel Scordisci and possibly won triumph |
| Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
(cos. 109) |
renowned orator, general,
patron of arts; defeated Jugurtha at Muthal, triumphed in 107; opposed
by Marius; as censor, attempted to remove Saturninus, who by a murder
obtained the tribunate and forced Numidicus into a temporary exile; patron
of Archias and Stilo |
| 107-82
(Cimbri and Teutons
and Social War) |
C.
Marius (cos. 107, 104, 103, 102, 101, 100, 86)
|
Augur, triumphator,
six-time elected consul; served under Scipio Aemilianus at Numantia; client
of Metelli, whom he ostentatiously opposed; married into Julii; served
in Spain and against Jugurtha; first to levy capite censi; elected consul
in absentia to oppose both Teutons, whom M. defeated at Aquae Sextae,
and Cimbri, who were defeated by Catulus and M.; inflicted two defeats
on Marsi during Social War; illegal brawl led to his exile, rebellion,
sacking of Ostia, and wild massacre of Romans in 87; seized seventh consulship
before dying shortly thereafter |
Q. Servilius
Caepio (cos 106)
|
triumphed
over Lusitanians; restored judicia to senate; plundered rich Tolosa when
it revolted to the Cimbri; suffered among worst defeats in Roman history
at Arausio |
L. Appuleius
Saturninus (tr. 103, 100, 99)
|
ally of
Marius, demagogue; sponsored agrarian legislation and Lex Frumentaria;
expelled Metellus; founded colonia in Sicily, Macedonia, and Achaia; murdered
Memmius, killed by mob |
Q. Caecilius
Metellus Nepos (cos. 98)
|
carried
lex Caecilia Didia, invalidating omnibus bills, legislation infringing
auspices; famously married his mistress Licinia Crassa to save her reputation |
Q. Mucius
Scaevola Augur (cos 117)
|
renowned
jurist, studied Stoicism under Panaetius; governor of Asia; teacher of
Cicero and Atticus; in 88, defended Marius against Sulla's charge of hostilia |
M. Livius
Drusus (tr. 91)
|
sponsored
far-sighted bill extending citizenship to Italian allies, agrarian bills
for populace, restoration of senators to juries, and elevation of equites
to senate; his unsolved murder provoked Social War |
L. Julius
Caesar (cos. 90)
|
involved
in downfall of Saturninus; sponsored lex Julia, which offered citizenship
to Italian allies and divided Rome's enemies in the Social War; killed
in the Marian massacre of 87 |
L. Porcius
Cato (cos. 89)
|
as tribune,
opposed Saturninus, sponsored bill to recall Metellus Numidicus; as consul,
defeated Etruscans in Social War; also possibly killed by Marians |
Cn. Pompeius
Strabo (cos. 89)
|
sponsored
Lex Pompeia, giving Latin rights to all towns of the Transpadani; propraetor
in Sicily 93 and consul (with L Porcius Cato) in 89; during Social War,
commanded Roman forces against Italian Allies in northern Italy; ally
of Sulla, father of Pompey Magnus |
L. Cornelius
Cinna (87, 86, 85, 84)
|
Marian;
fought in Social War; illegally deposed by consular colleague Cn Ocatavius,
joined with Carbo, Sertorius, and Marius to march on Rome; massacred opponents
of Marius; sent Flaccus to fight Mithridates VI; killed in mutiny |
Cn. Papirus
Carbo (cos 85, 84, 82)
|
Marian;
tribune, reorganized coinage; abandoned Cinna's Liburnian campaign; gave
citizenship to last of Italians; supported Marius in war with Sulla, defeated
by Q Caecilius Metellus Pius, proscribed, captured and executed by Pompey |
L.
Quintus Sertorius (pr. 85)
|
moderate
Marian, as "new Hannibal," established government-in-exile during
dictatorship of Sulla, attempting to Romanize Spain; brief career as jurist
and orator; survivor of defeat at Arausio, spied for Marius at Aquae Sextiae;
though enemy of Sulla, savagely punished marauding slaves serving Cinna's
massacre; ejected Sullans from Tingis; defeated Pompey at Saguntum; working
with Mediterranean pirates, Mithridates, and Italian slaves to overthrow
Sulla, he was murdered at a banquet |
| 81-71
(The Order
of Sulla)
|
L.
Cornelius Sulla Felix (cos. 88, 80; dict 82, 81, 80)
|
hero of war with Jugurtha,
Cimbri and Teutones, Social War; first Roman to lead army against Rome;
plundered Athens; denuded tribunes of power; reformed cursus honorum |
Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius
|
defeated Marsic leader Q.
Pompaedius in 88; chief Sullan officer, defeated Carrinas, Carbo, Norbanus;
fought 8 years against Sertorius, celebrating triumph after friends of
Sertorius murdered him in 72 |
Cn Cornelius Dolabella (cos
81)
|
defeated Thracians; prosecuted
by Caesar |
P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus
(cos. 79)
|
first proconsul of Cilicia;
defeated Cilician pirates; captured Corycus; defeated Isauri; assisted
Cicero in suppression of Catilinarian conspiracy |
M. Aemilius Lepidus (cos.
78)
|
oppressed Sicily; initially
supported by Pompey; opposed Sullan laws; in 77, appointed proconsul of
Further Gaul, organized putsch with then-proconsul of Gaul (M. Brutus);
the two were defeated by Catulus and Pompey respectively |
Q. Lutatius Catulus (cos.
78)
|
defeated putsch by Lepidus;
opposed Gabinian and Manilian laws; supported restoration of tribunitian
powers |
L. Licinius Lucullus
(cos. 74)
|
conqueror of Mithridates;
defended Sullan constitution; organized Asia; foe of triumvirate |
C. Cornelius (?) Verres (pr.
74)
|
mismanaged Sicily, crucified
Roman citizens; prosecuted by Cicero |
| 70
- 63 (Servile
War, Cilician
Pirates, Catilinarian
Conspiracy)
|
M.
Licinius Crassus Dives (cos. 70, 55)
|
triumvir;
client of Sulla; defeated Spartacus; patron of tax-farmers; led army to
annihilation in Parthia |
Cn.
Pompeius Magnus (cos. 70, 55, 52)
|
triumvir;
client of Sulla; voted unlimited imperium to defeat Cilician pirates;
restored Ptolemy Auletes; led republican army at Pharsalus |
Q. Hortensius
Hortalus (cos. 69)
|
renowned
orator and "king of the courts" before Cicero; clients included
Pompey, Nicomedes, Dolabella, Verres, Murena; opposed Gabinian and Manilian
laws |
L. Sergius
Catilina (pr. 68)
|
client of
Sulla; leader of failed putsch; advocated universal cancellation of debts |
M.
Tullius Cicero (cos. 63)
|
renowned
orator and philosophe; served under Sulla; accused Sullan favorite of
murder in his defense of Sextus Roscius; left for Greece and Rhodes, met
with republican idealists, Rufus and Posidonius; studied rhetoric with
Molon; quaestor in Sicily, discovered tomb of Archimedes; successfully
prosecuted Verres for extortion; as consul, defeated conspiracy of Catiline,
declared Pater Patriae by Cato; refused to join triumvirate, persecuted
by Clodius; governor of Cilicia; during Caesar's dictatorship, devoted
himself to writing; led opposition to Antony, proscribed by the second
triumvirate |
| 62-49
(Triumvirate
and Gallic
Wars)
|
C.
Julius Caesar (cos. 59, 48; dict. 46, 45, 44)
|
triumvir, pontifex maximus;
campaigned in Spain; proconsul of Illyricum and both Gallic provinces;
conquered all Gaul, killing and enslaving unprecedented numbers; marched
on Rome, defeated several armies of the republic in civil war; annexed
Egypt; held lifetime dictatorship and was acclaimed a king outside Italy;
assassinated in senate meeting; deified by political supporters |
M. Calpurnius Bibulus (cos.
59)
|
follower of Cato; relentlessly
attacked by Caesarians; nervous breakdown as admiral in Dyrrachium |
A. Gabinius (cos. 58)
|
client of Pompey; proposed
lex Gabinia; defended by Torquatus |
M. Porcius Cato Uticensis
(pr. 54; propr. 57, 56)
|
renowned Stoic, ardent constitutionalist,
leader of opposition to triumvirate; reformed treasury and prosecuted
Sullans; advocated capital penalty for Catilinarians; annexed Cyprus;
in Utica, committed suicide in protest of Caesar's victory over last republican
forces; later celebrated as fallen hero of the republican cause |
M. Terentius Varro (pr ?;
sp cm 59)
|
Historian, philosopher, naturalist,
grammarian, poet, "most learned of all Romans", responsible
for Varronian chronology, author of over 600 books; joined Pompey in civil
war, twice surrendered to Caesar; withdrew entirely from public life,
but proscribed by Antony |
L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus
(cos. 58)
|
Proconsul in Macedonia, defeated
Bessi |
C. Memmius (pr. 58)
|
patron of Lucretius; opposed
Caesar's acta |
P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther
(cos. 57)
|
carried bill to recall Cicero;
opponent of triumvirate |
Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos
(cos. 57)
|
Proconsul in Nearer Spain;
defeated Vaccaei; enemy of Cato yet abandoned Pompey to oppose triumvirate |
P. Vatinius (cos. 47)
|
client of Caesar; organized
soldiers in Forum to push through the land grant to Pompey's veterans;
suborned Vetteius' charges of 'conspiracy' against Pompey; legate under
Caesar in Gaul; expelled from Macedonia by Brutus in 44 |
P. Clodius Pulcher (aed cr
56)
|
led mutiny against Lucullus;
caused Bona Dea scandal; client of Caesar; exiled Cicero and destroyed
his house and villas; organized street gangs to pass triumviral legislation |
T. Annius Milo (pr. 54)
|
client of Pompey; organized
gangs to fight Clodius'; worked for Cicero's recall; led unsuccessful
revolt against Caesar in 48 |
L. Domitius Ahenobarbus (cos.
54)
|
follower of Cato; recalled
Cicero from exile; opponent of triumvirate, threatened Caesar with prosecution |
Cn. Domitus Calvinus (cos.
53, 40)
|
Head of election laws court |
L. Manlius Torquatus (pr 49)
|
patron of Catullus, Epicurean
philosophe and orator; prosecuted Sullans; fought Caesar at Oricum, Dyrrhachium |
Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius
Scipio Nasica (cos. 52)
|
follower of Cato; commanded
army at Thapsus |
| 48-43
(Caesar's
Dictatorship to Lex
Titia)
|
P. Servilius
Vatia Isauricus (cos. 48, 41)
|
defecting
to Caesar, commanded Rome in 48; presided over economic collapse, quarreled
with Caelius Rufus, a pupil of Cicero who advocated universal debt cancellation,
defeating his insurrection with Cicero's client Milo; gave daughter to
Octavian, opposed Antony |
M. Aemilius
Lepidus (cos 46, 42)
|
supporter
of Caesar in civil wars, held Rome as nominal praetor in 49; Caesar's
magister equitum in 46-4; named triumvir by lex Titia, removed by Octavian
in 36 |
Gaius Trebonius
(pr 48, suf cos 45)
|
Liberator;
client of Caesar; his Lex Trebonia gave 5-year commands to Crassus, Pompey;
murdered while proconsul in Asia |
C. Cassius
Longinus (pr. 44)
|
Liberator;
rescued remnants of Crassus' army after defeat by Parthians, secured Syria;
legate under Caesar in Gaul, defected when Caesar crossed Rubicon; defeated
Dolabella and secured Asia; defeated by Antony at Phillipi; celebrated
as "last of the Romans" by Cremutius Cordus |
M.
Junius Brutus (pr. 44)
|
Liberator;
nephew to Cato, served with him at Cyprus; followed Pompey to Pharsalus,
surrendered to Caesar and assigned governorship of Gaul while Caesar pursued
remaining republican forces; after Cato's suicide, Brutus married Cato's
daughter Porcia, wrote a panegyric to Cato, joined conspiracy to assassinate
Caesar, and left Rome to study philosophy in Greece; in correspondence
with Cicero, Brutus and Cassius organized forces in east, taking Antony's
brother hostage in Macedonia; at Phillipi, he defeated Octavian but was
defeated by Antony |
Publius
Cornelius Dolabella (suf cos 44)
|
advocated
cancellation of debts; plundered Asia, murdered Trebonius, defeated by
Cassius |
D. Junius
Brutus Albinus (cos. 42)
|
Liberator;
legate under Caesar, destroyed Veneti fleet; after Rubicon, captured Massillia
from republican forces; governor Cisalpine Gaul in 44; defended Mutina
against Antony; offered amnesty to proscribed; killed by Gallic spy for
Antony |
M.
Antonius (cos. 44, 34, 31)
|
Triumvir;
sponsored lex Antonia, abolishing office of dictator; lex Titia authorized
Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian to establish new constitution for the republic |
| G.
Octavius (aka Octavian and later Caesar Augustus) (suff.
cos. 43, cos. 33, 31) |
Triumvir;
Caesar's great nephew and appointed heir. Led a private army of Caesar's
veterans to initiate himself as a political player. Ultimately (with Agrippa)
defeated Antony and established a veiled monarchy (principate). |